Comparing the Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Glucose Handling

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Glycemic Control; Insulin Sensitivity; Sex Differences
• Interventions: Other: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; Other: Mixed Exercise

• Registration Number: NCT06217679
• Lead Sponsor: University of Waterloo

Brief Summary

The purpose of the proposed study is to compare the acute effects of different types of exercise modalities on glucose handling in young, healthy males and females. The exercise modalities that will be compared include: a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol, a moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) protocol and a low-load, high-repetition (LL-HR) resistance exercise protocol.

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different exercise modalities (High intensity interval exercise, Moderate intensity continuous exercise, and Low-load-high repetition resistance exercise) on blood sugar control in young healthy, males and females. To test this theory, a sugar challenge (oral glucose tolerance test - OGTT) will be performed during the pre-testing visit to determine the baseline blood sugar response. An OGTT will also be performed 2 hours after each single exercise session to determine how each type of exercise affects the blood sugar response. Investigators will take multiple blood samples throughout the trial to allow us to measure blood sugar, insulin and concentrations and oxidative stress. Muscle biopsies will be taken before and after each exercise bout so that investigators can examine the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of the different types of exercise on blood sugar control. Investigators will also use an ultrasound to measure factors related to of cardiovascular health such as artery stress and vascular conductance during the exercise bouts. Direct benefits of this study include characterizing sex differences of blood sugar handling after single exercise sessions. This study could have direct benefits on deterring the effectiveness of different forms of exercise on blood sugar levels.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2018-05-01
• Primary Completion: 2019-10-31
• Study Completion: 2019-10-31
• Status Verified: 2024-01
• Study First Submitted: 2024-01-08
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-01-19
• Study First Posted: 2024-01-22
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-02-02
• Last Update Posted: 2024-02-06

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 24

Inclusion Criteria

• In order to participate in this study, participants must be a healthy man or woman between the ages of 18 and 30 years.

Exclusion Criteria

• Presence of chronic health condition(s) [i.e. metabolic (i.e. Type 1 or type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular (i.e hypertension), respiratory (i.e. chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder) or digestive (i.e. ulcerative colitis) disorders.

  • Are pregnant, or suspect that they may be pregnant, or nursing
  • Inability to complete the single exercise sessions.
  • Regularly participate in cardiovascular (>3 sessions/week) or resistance training (>2 sessions/week) exercise.
  • Have an allergy to local anesthetic (or family history of allergy)
  • Have undergone a barium swallow or an infusion of a contrast agent in the past 3 weeks
  • Are taking prescription anti-coagulant or anti-platelet medications (e.g., warfarin, heparin, clopidogrel)
  • Inability to exercise as suggested by the get active questionnaire (GAQ)
  • BMI > 27 kg/m2

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	This visit will include a baseline OGTT to be used as a pre-exercise baseline measure for each of the arms. Participants will then consume a 75g glucose beverage (Trutol, Thermo Scientific) and blood samples will be drawn at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes post consumption.
High intensity interval exercise (HIIE)	Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Participants performed a High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) bout which includes 10 x 1 min at 90% maximum heart rate (HRmax) with 5 min warm up and 5 min cool down at 50watts (low state steady cycling). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.
Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE)	Mixed Exercise	Participants performed a Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bout which includes 30 min at 65% maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.
Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Mixed Exercise	This visit will include a baseline OGTT to be used as a pre-exercise baseline measure for each of the arms. Participants will then consume a 75g glucose beverage (Trutol, Thermo Scientific) and blood samples will be drawn at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes post consumption.
Low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise (LL-HR)	Mixed Exercise	Participants performed a Low-load, high-rep resistance exercise (LL-HR) bout which includes a whole body resistance exercise bout, 3 sets at 30% maximum strength (1RM) for leg press, knee extension, hamstring curl, lat pulldown, shoulder press, chest press, 20-25 reps, last set to failure. 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.
Low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise (LL-HR)	Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Participants performed a Low-load, high-rep resistance exercise (LL-HR) bout which includes a whole body resistance exercise bout, 3 sets at 30% maximum strength (1RM) for leg press, knee extension, hamstring curl, lat pulldown, shoulder press, chest press, 20-25 reps, last set to failure. 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.
High intensity interval exercise (HIIE)	Mixed Exercise	Participants performed a High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) bout which includes 10 x 1 min at 90% maximum heart rate (HRmax) with 5 min warm up and 5 min cool down at 50watts (low state steady cycling). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.
Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE)	Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Participants performed a Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bout which includes 30 min at 65% maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Blood insulin change	120mins	To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood insulin
Insulin sensitivity change	120mins	Assess the changes in insulin sensitivity pre to post exercise
Blood c-peptide change	120mins	To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood c-peptide.
Blood glucose change	120mins	To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood glucose.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
TBC1 domain family member 1 change (TBC1D1)	35mins	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise
protein kinase B change	35mins	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise
TBC1 domain family member 4 change (TBC1D4)	35mins	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise
estrogen concentration	30mins	to assess the differences in estrogen concentration between males and females
progesterone concentration	30mins	to assess the differences in progesterone concentration between males and females
5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase change	35mins	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise
glucose transporter 4 change (GLUT4)	35mins	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Waterloo; 🇨🇦 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada