Maternal Vitamin D Levels in Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children

Completed

• Conditions: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dental Caries

• Registration Number: NCT03273725
• Lead Sponsor: Tannhelsetjenestens Kompetansesenter Midt-Norge

Brief Summary

The main aim of this study is to investigate potential associations between maternal pre- and postnatal vitamin D level and oral health outcomes (caries and developmental defects of enamel) in their children at 7-9 years of age.

Detailed Description

Vitamin D plays an important part in calcium absorption needed for calcification of hard tissues such as bone. Lack of vitamin D can lead to growth retardation in children and a variety of bone related problems in adulthood such as osteopenia, osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fracture. Vitamin D deficiency has also been associated with a variety of other health problems. In relation to oral health, studies have suggested that lack of vitamin D may interfere with tooth development resulting in development defects of the enamel, which in turn increase the risk of dental caries. As teeth begin to calcify around 14 weeks in utero and continue until the enamel on the last primary tooth is completed around ten months after birth, it is plausible that both pre- and postnatal vitamin D levels can have an impact on the development of the enamel in primary teeth in the offspring, which in turn may be related to the risk of developing enamel defects and dental caries. Furthermore, vitamin D may play a role in the immune system and thereby affect the oral microflora. Vitamin D could therefore also affect the risk of caries through immunological pathways. Few previous studies have investigated the associations between vitamin D and oral health outcomes, such as these.

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential associations between maternal pre- and postnatal vitamin D levels and oral health outcomes, such as caries and dental enamel defects in the offspring at 7-9 years of age.

The current study is a follow-up study of a previous study conducted in Trondheim and Stavanger, Norway. In 2007-2009 a total of 855 pregnant women participated in the Training in Pregnancy (TRIP) study, a randomised controlled trial study conducted to investigate whether exercise during pregnancy would help prevent or treat various pregnancy related illnesses. The women were included between weeks 18-22 of pregnancy and were followed-up at week 32-36 of pregnancy and at 3 months post-partum. An additional follow-up was also conducted among the participants from Trondheim at 18 months post-partum. The data collection included both questionnaires, clinical examinations and blood samples. The blood samples taken from the mothers at 18-22 weeks and 32-36 weeks of pregnancy have been analysed for levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, albumin and PTH. In the current study, the children are invited to a dental examination, including a saliva sample. These clinical examinations will be conducted from June 2016 through to August 2017.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2016-01-24
• Study Start: 2016-06
• Primary Completion: 2017-08
• Study Completion: 2017-08
• Status Verified: 2017-09
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-09-01
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-09-01
• Study First Posted: 2017-09-06
• Last Update Posted: 2017-09-06

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 178

Inclusion Criteria

• Mother of the child participated in the main study "Training in Pregnancy"

Exclusion Criteria

• Consent not given

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Dental caries in the primary teeth of the children at the age of 7-9 yrs	2016 - 2017	The main study was conducted in 2007 - 2009. In the current study the children of the mothers participating in the main study are invited to the follow-up study "Trip Tooth Study" with data collection (dental examination) taking place over a time span of two years.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Enamel defects in the primary teeth of the children at the age of 7-9 yrs	2016 - 2017	The main study was conducted in 2007 - 2009. In the current study the children of the mothers participating in the main study are invited to the follow-up study "Trip Tooth Study" with data collection (dental examination) taking place over a time span of two years.
Antimicrobial peptides in saliva	2016 - 2017	The main study was conducted in 2007 - 2009. In the current study the children of the mothers participating in the main study are invited to the follow-up study "Trip Tooth Study" with data collection (dental examination including a saliva sample) taking place over a time span of two years.