The Acute Effect of Vaping on Food Intake

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: E-Cig Use
Appetite
Energy Intake
Food Intake

Interventions: Other: Vaping condition
Other: Control condition

Registration Number: NCT04219189

Lead Sponsor: Virginia Commonwealth University

Brief Summary: This study assesses the acute effects of a standardized 20-minute vaping episode compared to a non-vaping control condition on ad libitum food intake during a 30-minute buffet meal, occurring approximately 45 minutes after the vaping episode

Detailed Description: Weight control is a common motive for cigarette smoking and nicotine has been shown to suppress appetite and increase resting metabolic rate, and also serves as a behavioral alternative to eating or a distraction from hunger or food craving. Data on the acute effect of e-cigarette use ('vaping') on ad libitum food intake are non-existent. Given that many e-cigarette users report vaping for weight control and that certain e-cigarettes are being actively marketed for weight management and/or suppression of food cravings, addressing this research gap is of the utmost importance.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

18 - 65 years of age (ID card verified)
Reports either everyday e-cigarette use with liquid containing at least 0.3% (~3 mg/ml) nicotine or some day e-cigarette use ( at least 3 days a week) with liquid containing at least 3% (~30 mg/ml) nicotine for the past 30 days.

Exclusion Criteria

being unwilling to consume the foods provided due to: a) dietary limitations or preferences or b) allergies to the foods provided.
being unwilling to take 20 puffs from a JUUL device containing a 5% nicotine pod
self-reported current, diagnosed medical condition(s) will be excluded automatically: heart-related conditions (e.g., recent heart attack/stroke, coronary heart disease), severe immune system disorders (e.g., HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis), respiratory disorders (e.g., COPD, asthma), kidney diseases, liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis), or seizures
observed high blood pressure at screening (systolic >140; diastolic >90)
other self-reported current, diagnosed medical conditions (e.g., specific food allergies, diabetes, thyroid disease, lyme disease) will be considered for exclusion after consultation with the PI and medical monitor
self-reported current, diagnosed psychiatric conditions or who report current psychiatric treatment or psychotropic medication use
past month use of cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines, methamphetamine, or other (non-cannabis) illicit drugs
self-report of >25 days out of the past 30 for alcohol use or >20 days out of the past 30 for cannabis use.
women who are breast-feeding or test positive for pregnancy (by urinalysis at screening)
women using progestin-IUDS for birth control
women using birth control injections (e.g., Depo-Provera)
women who received a hysterectomy and still have ovaries present
self-report intending to quit tobacco/nicotine products in the next 30 days

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Control to Vaping Group	Vaping condition	Participants in this arm will undergo the control condition during the first visit and the vaping condition during the second visit.
Control to Vaping Group	Control condition	Participants in this arm will undergo the control condition during the first visit and the vaping condition during the second visit.
Vaping to Control Group	Vaping condition	Participants in this arm will undergo the vaping condition during the first visit and the control condition during the second visit.
Vaping to Control Group	Control condition	Participants in this arm will undergo the vaping condition during the first visit and the control condition during the second visit.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Energy Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Energy intake in kilocalories (kcal) during the ad libitum buffet meal will be measured via directly weighed food provision and waste (food/energy intake is calculated by difference).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Dietary Added Sugar Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary added sugar intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Carbohydrate Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary carbohydrate intake
Dietary Sugar Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary sugar intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Fat Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary fat intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Protein Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary protein intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Cholesterol Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary cholesterol intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Fiber Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary fiber intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Potassium Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary potassium intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Saturated Fat Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary saturated fat intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Vitamin D Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary Vitamin D Intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Difference in Food Cravings	The FCQ-State was administered about 30 minutes after either the vaping or non-vaping (control) condition and about ~20 minutes before the ad lib buffet meal.	Total score in the Food Cravings Questionnaire State (FCQ-State) after the vaping vs after the non-vaping condition. Fifteen items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale (Strongly Disagree=1, Disagree=2, Neutral=3, Agree=4, Strongly Agree=5) with higher scores indicating higher food cravings. For a total score, all 15 items were summed together and higher scores indicate a higher intensity or craving to eat (Meule, 2020). The range for total scores is around 15-75.
Dietary Calcium Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary calcium intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Iron Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary iron intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.
Dietary Sodium Intake	intake was assessed over a 30 minute meal	Dietary sodium intake was calculated across all food consumed during the ad lib buffet meal and summed to estimate total intake and compare between active and control conditions.