The Relationship Between Digit Ratio and Motor Development and Sensory Processing in Infants
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 80
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Sensory processing
研究概览
简要总结
One of the most prominent indicators of prenatal androgen exposure is considered to be the ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D). The 2D:4D finger ratio refers to the ratio of the length of the second finger (2D; index finger) and the fourth finger (4D; ring finger). Evidence suggests that 2D:4D is developmentally stable and stabilizes from the second trimester of pregnancy. It has been reported that the 2D:4D ratio correlates positively with estrogen and negatively with testosterone. In both sexes, prenatal testosterone levels are inversely related by a 2D:4D ratio, which does not change with age. Androgens can have direct trophic effects on target cells or indirectly affect neuronal growth through neurotrophic mediators released locally by steroid-sensitive neuronal or glial cells. Prenatal testosterone can have long-term organizational effects on the structure and function of various body systems (e.g., cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems) that are important for physical activity and exercise.
详细描述
One of the most prominent indicators of prenatal androgen exposure is considered to be the ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D). The 2D:4D finger ratio refers to the ratio of the length of the second finger (2D; index finger) and the fourth finger (4D; ring finger). Evidence suggests that 2D:4D is developmentally stable and stabilizes from the second trimester of pregnancy. It has been reported that the 2D:4D ratio correlates positively with estrogen and negatively with testosterone. In both sexes, prenatal testosterone levels are inversely related by a 2D:4D ratio, which does not change with age.
From a gender perspective, differences have been found in the basic motor skills of boys and girls. Boys have greater object control skills than girls. Gender is one of the most studied variables in motor development. Many longitudinal studies show that boys perform better in gross motor skills such as running and jumping, while girls are more successful in fine motor tasks such as drawing or manipulating small objects. Sensory processing involves the capacity to receive, interpret, organize, and respond to sensory input from both one's own body and the external environment. Sensory processing disorders can be observed in infants due to the immaturity of their systems. There are very few studies on measuring finger length in the early stages of newborns. To our knowledge, the relationship between intrauterine androgen exposure (2D:4D) and motor development and sensory processing has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the planned study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in 12-18-month-old infants and to examine the relationship between this ratio and motor development and sensory processing.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 12 Months 至 18 Months（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Term infants (37-40 weeks),
- •Infants aged 12-18 months
排除标准
- •Preterm infants,
- •Infants with congenital infections or proven genetic changes,
- •Infants and mothers diagnosed with metabolic, neurological, and genetic diseases,
- •Maternal diabetes,
- •Intrauterine growth retardation,
- •Infants with a history of hand-related surgery,
- •Children whose parents did not volunteer to study
研究组 & 干预措施
Healthy infants
Healthy, full-term (37-40 weeks of gestation) infants aged 12 to 18 months and their families will be invited to participate in the study.
干预措施: Digit Ratio (Behavioral)
Healthy infants
Healthy, full-term (37-40 weeks of gestation) infants aged 12 to 18 months and their families will be invited to participate in the study.
干预措施: Motor development (Behavioral)
Healthy infants
Healthy, full-term (37-40 weeks of gestation) infants aged 12 to 18 months and their families will be invited to participate in the study.
干预措施: Sensory processing functions (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Sensory processing
时间窗: 12-18 months
The Test of Sensory Functions in Infants is a standardized assessment tool designed to evaluate sensory processing abilities in infants aged 4 to 18 months. The TSFI examines responses across multiple sensory domains, including tactile, vestibular, visual, and oral-motor functions, providing a comprehensive profile of an infant's sensory processing. In the tactile deep pressure response section, it is scored as 0: reverse response, 1: mild defensive response, and 2: integrated response. In the adaptive motor response section, it is scored as 0: no response, 1: disorganized, 2: partial, 3: organized. In the visual-tactile integration section, it is scored as 0: hyperactive, 1: hyporeactive, and 2: normal. The oculomotor test section is scored as 0: no response or poorly integrated, 1: well integrated. Response to vestibular stimulation is scored as 0: adverse response, 1: mild defensive response, and 2: integrated response. The total score ranges from 0 to 49.
Digit Ratio
时间窗: 12-18 months
The lengths of the second (2D) and fourth (4D) fingers of the participants will be measured separately on each hand. Measurements will be taken with the participants' hands placed flat on a surface with the palms facing upwards. Measurements will be performed using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm, two separate measurements will be taken for each finger, and the average value will be recorded. Based on the obtained measurements, the 2D:4D finger ratio will be calculated by dividing the 2D length by the 4D length on both hands. To increase the reliability of the measurements, the assessments will be performed twice by a researcher who is blind to motor development and sensory processing skills.
Motor development
时间窗: 12-18 months
The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition, is a standardized tool used to assess gross and fine motor skills in children from birth to 5 years of age. The assessment comprises six subtests: reflexes, stationary, locomotion, object manipulation, grasping, and visual-motor integration, which together provide a comprehensive evaluation of a child's motor development. It has been widely validated in both typically developing children and those with various developmental disorders, making it a reliable and widely used instrument in pediatric motor assessment. Items are scored with 0, 1, and 2 points. When the child performs the item according to the specified item criteria, 2 points are given. One point is awarded when the behavior occurs, but the criteria for successful performance are not fully met. A score of 0 is given when the child is unable to try the item or does not reveal any skills when he tries it. Results are expressed as raw, standard, or total motor scores.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Rabia ZORLULAR
Principal investigator
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University