The CORONAvirus Disease 2019 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker InvestigatiON (CORONACION) Randomized Clinical Trial
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Intervention
- Thiazide or Thiazide-like diuretics
- Conditions
- Hypertension
- Sponsor
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Enrollment
- 2414
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Number of Covid-19 positive participants who die, require intubation in ICU, or require hospitalization for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
- Status
- Suspended
- Last Updated
- 5 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because SARS-CoV-2 is known to require the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor for uptake into the human body, there have been questions about whether medications that upregulate ACE-2 receptors might increase the risk of infection and subsequent complications. One such group of medications are anti-hypertensives that block the renin-angiotensin system, including both angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). Both ACEi and ARB are widely used for the treatment of hypertension. Early reports from China and Italy suggest that many of those who die from COVID-19 have a coexisting history of hypertension. Consequently, there have been questions raised as to whether these 2 types of blood pressure medication might increase the risk of death among patients with COVID-19. However, it is well known that the prevalence of hypertension increases linearly with age. Therefore, it is possible that the high prevalence of hypertension and ACEi/ARB use among persons who die from COVID-19 is simply confounded by age (older people are at risk of both a history of hypertension and dying from COVID-19). Whether these commonly prescribed blood pressure medications increase the risk of COVID-19 or not remains unanswered. Statements from professional cardiology societies on both sides of the Atlantic have called for urgent research into this question. Our study aims to randomize patients with primary (essential) hypertension who are already taking ACEi/ARB to either switch to an alternative BP medication or continue with the ACEi/ARB that they have already been prescribed. Adults with compelling indications for ACEi/ARB will not be enrolled.
Investigators
Prof. John William McEvoy
Professor of Preventive Cardiology
National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Men and non-pregnant women aged 60 or over
- •Known diagnosis of hypertension
- •Current use of ACEi or ARB for the treatment of hypertension
- •COVID-19 naïve (i.e. not known to be infected)
- •English speaker
Exclusion Criteria
- •Known diabetic nephropathy
- •Known heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- •Resistant hypertension (defined as blood pressure that remains above goal despite concurrent use of three anti-hypertensive agents of different classes, one of which should be a diuretic, or as blood pressure that is controlled with four or more medications)
- •Contraindications or allergies to CCB or Thiazide
- •Unconscious patients
- •Current psychiatric in-patients
- •Patients in an emergency medical setting
- •Inability to consent
Arms & Interventions
Alternative anti-hypertensive medication
Switch to an alternative BP medication (specifically a Calcium channel blocker \[CCB\] or Thiazide/Thiazide-like diuretic at an equipotent blood pressure lowering dose). The choice of either CCB or Thiazide/Thiazide-like anti-hypertensive provided as alternative therapy will be at the discretion of the patient's treating physician.
Intervention: Thiazide or Thiazide-like diuretics
Alternative anti-hypertensive medication
Switch to an alternative BP medication (specifically a Calcium channel blocker \[CCB\] or Thiazide/Thiazide-like diuretic at an equipotent blood pressure lowering dose). The choice of either CCB or Thiazide/Thiazide-like anti-hypertensive provided as alternative therapy will be at the discretion of the patient's treating physician.
Intervention: Calcium Channel Blockers
Continue ACEi/ARB antihypertensive
Continue with either the ACEi (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor) or the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) that had already been prescribed for the treatment of hypertension.
Intervention: ACE inhibitor
Continue ACEi/ARB antihypertensive
Continue with either the ACEi (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor) or the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) that had already been prescribed for the treatment of hypertension.
Intervention: Angiotensin receptor blocker
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Number of Covid-19 positive participants who die, require intubation in ICU, or require hospitalization for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
Time Frame: 12 months
Time from randomization to the first occurrence of any of the clinical events above
Secondary Outcomes
- Maximum troponin T value (ng/L) among Covid-19 positive participants who require acute hospitalization(12 months)
- Number of Covid-19 positive participants who die(12 months)
- Number of Covid-19 positive participants who require intubation in intensive care unit (ICU)(12 months)
- Number of Covid-19 positive participants who require hospitalization for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)(12 months)
- Number of SARS-CoV-2 positive participants(12 months)
- 24 hour mean systolic BP (mmHg) on ambulatory BP monitoring(12 months)
- All-cause mortality(12 months)