Stem Cell Recruitment in Osteoporosis Therapy

Not Applicable

Terminated

Conditions: Low Bone Density

Interventions: Dietary Supplement: calcium and vitamin D
Drug: Teriparatide
Drug: Alendronate

Registration Number: NCT01656629

Lead Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University

Brief Summary: Osteoporosis is an important health problem in the rapidly-aging demographic. Fragility fractures are devastating consequences of osteoporosis. The most common treatment approach in osteoporosis is inhibition of bone resorption with drugs like alendronate (ALN). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation and is the only anabolic drug available. Dual therapy with ALN and PTH is not as effective as single-drug therapy in preventing fracture. Bone progenitor cells (MSCs) are recruited to sites of bone remodeling when a growth factor called Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β1) is released from bone. Different osteoporosis medicines may have differing effects on this process. The effects of ALN versus PTH on bone progenitor recruitment in humans are unknown. This is a randomized, clinical trial of ALN, PTH, and calcium and vitamin D in post-menopausal women with low bone mass. Women will be treated for 3 months with ALN or PTH or calcium and vitamin D. Data collected will include bone biopsies for histomorphometry and micro computed tomography (µCT), bone marrow aspirates for molecular studies, peripheral blood to detect circulating bone progenitor cells and dual X-ray absorptiometry. The investigators hypothesize that in humans, PTH will 1) increase bone progenitor number, 2) enhance recruitment of bone progenitor cells to bone resorption sites, and 3) increase bone progenitor number in peripheral circulation. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that ALN treatment will have the opposite effect. Understanding the differences in bone progenitor cell activity and recruitment during osteoporosis therapy will provide a mechanistic rationale for effective use of PTH and anti-resorptive drugs in osteoporosis treatment.

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: Female

Target Recruitment: 55

Inclusion Criteria

Post-menopausal women aged 50-80 years
T score < -2.5 at lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck on dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) OR T score < -1.5 with a personal or family history of fracture

Exclusion Criteria

Previous use of bisphosphonates or Teriparatide; current estrogen therapy; any other osteoporosis therapy in the past 6 months
Metabolic bone disease other than osteoporosis
Body mass index (BMI) < 18
Weight > 325 lbs
Current smoking or current alcohol use that exceeds 3 units of alcohol daily
Use of medications known to affect bone metabolism
Renal disease, history of kidney stones or hypercalciuria
Hypo- or hyperparathyroidism; hypo- or hypercalcemia
Serum vitamin D level < 20 ng/dL
Refusal to adjust their dietary calcium to <750mg (i.e. two servings per day of calcium rich food)
History of bone marrow or organ transplant
History of malignancy or radiation to the bone
History of esophageal stricture, dysmotility or severe reflux disease
Gastrointestinal malabsorption
Use of digoxin
Need for chronic anticoagulation therapy such as Coumadin, heparin or low molecular weight heparin or inability to discontinue anti-platelet medication
Bleeding diathesis; hemoglobin ≤ 12.5 g/dL (American Red Cross cut-off to donate blood)
International normalized ratio (INR) pro time > 1.1 or activated partial thromboplastin time (APT) T ratio > 1.2
Platelets < 150K/cu mm
Cellulitis at site of iliac crest
History of allergy to medications used in bone biopsy (demeclocycline, lidocaine)
Inability to understand and provide informed consent.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
calcium and vitamin D	calcium and vitamin D	calcium 630 mg vitamin D 500 units daily for 3 months
teriparatide	Teriparatide	teriparatide 20 mcg sq for 3 months
Alendronate	Alendronate	70 mg po weekly for 3 months

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The Percent Change in Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells as Assessed by Flow Cytometry in the Blood Before and After Treatment With Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or Alendronate (ALN).	up to 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Difference in Bone Formation as Assessed by Bone Histomorphometry on Bone Biopsy Between Treatment Groups	3 months
Difference in Osteogenic Potential of Bone Marrow as Measure by Colony Forming Unit Osteoblast (CFU-Ob) Assays Between Treatment Groups	3 months