Effects of Kahoot!-Integrated Instruction on Learning Motivation and Stroke Patient Positioning Skills Among Physical Therapy Interns: A Randomized Controlled Trial

I. Content

1. Research Motive and Purpose The Interactive Response System (IRS) is a technology-enhanced instructional tool that allows students to provide real-time feedback to instructors through electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, or personal digital assistants (PDAs), thereby improving the quality of classroom instruction. Previous studies have demonstrated that IRS is one of the key tools that significantly enhances student engagement and learning motivation.Detailed Description

Interactive response systems provide real-time questions and feedback during classroom instruction and may increase students' attention, participation, and understanding of course content. Kahoot! is a game-based interactive response platform that allows learners to answer questions using mobile devices and receive immediate feedback. Its use may transform conventional instructor-centered teaching into a more interactive learning experience.

Learning motivation is an important factor in clinical skills education. The Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) model describes four dimensions of learning motivation that may influence students' engagement and learning outcomes. This study evaluated whether integrating Kahoot! into clinical skills instruction improved learning motivation and stroke patient-positioning performance among physical therapy interns.

This study used a randomized, two-arm educational intervention design. Approximately 60 physical therapy interns at a medical center in southern Taiwan were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an experimental group or an active comparator group.