Effect of ACCS in UV-induced Inflammation

This phase II clinical study will include ten to fifteen healthy light skinned adult volunteers who will be recruited through Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved advertising. At screening subjects will be given a sunburn test. This procedure involves exposing eight 1 square cm areas of skin over increasing doses of simulated solar radiation (SSR), while the rest of the body is draped. SSR is delivered by a 1,000-Watt xenon arc lamp, which emits ultraviolet wavelengths from 290-400 nm, closely resembling natural sunlight. The Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) will be determined approximately 24 hours after initial exposure by using a chromometer that records the values of redness associated with each 1 square cm area exposed to the SSR the previous day. Once the MED is calculated by linear regression, the actual UV exposure of test sites will be conducted. A test site consists of a one inch square area on the buttock or lower back. Sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will be irradiated with 2 MED of SSR while the rest of the body is draped. Site 1 will not receive any ST266 treatment at all. Sites 2 and 3 will be treated by investigators with ST266 immediately after irradiation. 8-12 hours later or at bedtime, subject will treat Sites 2,3,4,5 with ST266 at home. ST266 application will also be done by subject on Sites 2,3,4,5 the next morning approximately 24 hours after SSR. Between 24-36 hours after SSR, subject returns to the Skin Study Center for Minolta chromometer assessment of erythema at all test sites, as well as for high resolution digital photography (Canfield). These assessments will be repeated at 48 hours and 72 hours post SSR and data will be graphed to quantify rate of erythema resolution. Punch biopsies will be obtained at Site 1 (control) and Site 2 (SSR + immediate ST266 Rx). If a difference in erythema is observed between Site 1 and Site 4 (i.e. if even the delayed treatment seems to effectively decrease inflammation), a biopsy will also be obtained from Site 4 (SSR + delayed ST266 Rx). These biopsy samples will be tested using RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry for markers of UV inflammation such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, etc. The test sites that have been biopsied will no longer undergo chromometer assessment post biopsy because the inflammation from the biopsy itself may confound the erythema readings. Meanwhile, subject will continue to apply the ST266 twice daily on Sites 3 and 5 until study visit 5. An additional normal control skin biopsy may be performed in a subset of volunteers (4-5) to serve as reference control for the tissue analysis. This will not be required of all volunteers.