The Effect of Energy Drinks Consumption on Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses of Israeli Arab Adolescents: In Search for a Possible Microbiota-derived Metabolite-dependent Mechanism.
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Sponsor
- Tel Hai College
- Enrollment
- 150
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Anxiety status
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Quasi-experiment and Cross-sectional study, six-arm design protocol will be carried out. The study will be conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.
The current study will assess the effects of EDs consumption on the physiological and psychological responses of Israeli Arab adolescents. These effects will also be examined in association with the adolescent's plasma metabolite profiles.
The study has five specific aims: (1) to assess the effects of ED consumption with or without a meal, on Israeli Arab adolescents glucose levels by using mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) (2) to assess the effect of ED consumption with or without a meal on their blood pressure (3) to evaluate the association between ED consumption per day by the Israeli Arab adolescents and their nutritional status and habits (4) to examine for possible associations between Israeli Arab adolescents psychological status (i.e. mood and anxiety) and ED consumption per day (5) to examine for possible associations between ED and caffeine consumption and plasma metabolite profiles and, the subject's psychological status.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Non Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 15 Years to 17 Years (Child)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Israeli Arab adolescents
- •aged 14.5-17.5 years
Exclusion Criteria
- •hypoglycemic episodes
- •coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, secondary hypertension, structural heart lesions
- •hepatic or renal disorders
- •autonomic neuropathy
- •obstructive sleep apnea
- •migraines
- •caffeine intolerance
- •eating disorders or other mental disorders or those with prescribed psychiatric medications
Arms & Interventions
Drink B + CC
In t0 the group will receive 250 ml Fanta soft drink + 20gr complex carbohydrates from one slice of bread (30g) and one spoon of hummus.
Intervention: Drink B + CC (Other)
Drink A + SC
In t0 the group will receive 250 ml XL energy drink + 20 gr sucrose.
Intervention: Drink A + SC (Other)
Drink B + SC
In t0 the group will receive 250 ml Fanta soft drink + 20 gr sucrose.
Intervention: Drink B + SC (Other)
Drink C + SC
In t0 the group will receive 250 ml soda water + 47 gr sucrose.
Intervention: Drink C + SC (Other)
Drink A + CC
In t0 the group will receive 250 ml XL energy drink + 20gr complex carbohydrates from one slice of bread (30g) and one spoon of hummus.
Intervention: Drink A + CC (Other)
Drink C + CC
In t0 the group will receive 250 ml soda water + 27gr sucrose + 20gr complex carbohydrates from one slice of bread (30g) and one spoon of hummus.
Intervention: Drink C + CC (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Anxiety status
Time Frame: During the intervention, 60 minutes after consuming the meal.
Anxiety status will be measured one time during the intervention - 60 minutes after consuming the meal, with the SCARED-R questionnaire (Muris et al., 1999) in Arabic. SCARED-R is a self-report questionnaire which measures anxiety status in the last 3 months. Contains 41 statements (such as "I am nervous") in Likert scale of 0 ("Not True or Hardly Ever True") to 2 ("Very True or Often True"). A total score of ≥ 25 may indicate the presence of an Anxiety Disorder.
SCFA levels status
Time Frame: During the intervention, between 30-45 minutes after consuming the meal.
SCFA levels status will be measured based on blood samples that will be taken from subjects during the intervention, 30-45 minutes after consuming the meal. Analysis will take place after the data collection stage.
Insulin levels status
Time Frame: During the intervention, between 30-45 minutes after consuming the meal.
Insulin levels status will be measured based on blood samples that will be taken from subjects during the intervention, 30-45 minutes after consuming the meal. Analysis will take place after the data collection stage.
HR change
Time Frame: First measurement at baseline, before consuming the meal, and four times during the intervention - 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after consuming the meal
Changes in heart rate (BPM) will be measured five times - First at baseline (before consuming the meal) and four times during the intervention - 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after consuming the meal.
Blood sugar change
Time Frame: First measurement at baseline, before consuming the meal, and four times during the intervention - 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after consuming the meal
Change in blood sugar levels (mg/dL) will be measured with the mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) five times - one time at baseline (before consuming the meal) and four times during the intervention (15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after consuming the meal).
Mood change
Time Frame: First measurement at baseline, before consuming the meal, and another measurement during the intervention, 60 minutes after consuming the meal.
Mood change will be measured two times - one time at baseline (before consuming the meal) and another time during the intervention - 60 minutes after consuming the meal. Mood will be measured with the UMACL questionnaire (Matthews et al., 1990) in Arabic. UMACL is a self-report questionnaire which measures the current mood of the subject. Contains 29 statements (such as "I am happy"), in Likert scale of 1 ("absolutely") to 4 ("not at all"). The higher the score, the better the current mood is.
Secondary Outcomes
- Energy drinks consumption status(During intervention, 60 minutes after consuming the meal.)
- BP change(First measurement at baseline, before consuming the meal, and four times during the intervention - 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after consuming the meal)
- Life habits status(During intervention, 60 minutes after consuming the meal.)
- Caffeine consumption frequency(During intervention, 60 minutes after consuming the meal.)