Clinical Evaluation of difference in the rate of retraction using TiO2 nanoparticles coated orthodontic wire and conventional orthodontic wire with the help of biomarkers- a split-mouth study

Sliding a tooth along an orthodontic wire is the common clinical procedure in these phases. Whenever sliding occurs, a frictional force is generated between the wire and the orthodontic bracket. In the case of orthodontic mechanotherapy, a biological tissue response will occur only when the applied force adequately overcomes the friction at the bracket-wire interface. High frictional forces will affect the system severely, and this leads to the extension of treatment time, or the outcome become compromised because of little or no movement. The surface topography of an archwire can affect its mechanical characteristics, corrosion behavior, friction, aesthetic appearance, and biocompatibility. The retarding frictional force develops due to the surface roughness of the archwire. Nanoengineering based surface modification can be used to reduce the surface roughness of orthodontic wires.. A recent study regarding the surface modification of orthodontic wires with TiO2 nanoparticles has shown better surface characteristics and reduction in frictional forces. GCF reflects the degree of cellular activities during orthodontic tooth movement and carries a multitude of inflammatory mediators involved in the bone and soft tissue remodeling process. Some studies have shown that leveling and distalization of teeth evoke an increase in both IL-1 and TNF-α that can be detected in GCF. This particular study compares the rate of tooth movement and also measures the amount of cytokines released, particularly IL-1 beta and TNF-α in GCF while using TiO2 coated and uncoated orthodontic wire for canine retraction.