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PET Scan Imaging in Assessing Response in Patients With Esophageal Cancer Receiving Combination Chemotherapy

Phase 2
Completed
Conditions
Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction
Esophageal Cancer
Interventions
Procedure: Positron Emission Tomography
Procedure: Computed Tomography
Radiation: Radiation Therapy
Registration Number
NCT01333033
Lead Sponsor
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Brief Summary

RATIONALE: PET scans done during chemotherapy may help doctors assess a patient's response to treatment and help plan the best treatment.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase II trial is studying PET scan imaging in assessing response in patients with esophageal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy.

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* To induce a complete pathologic response (pCR) rate of 20% in positron emission tomography (PET) scan non-responders treated with either induction FOLFOX or carboplatin/paclitaxel, who then crossover to the other regimen during radiotherapy.

Secondary

* To compare PET/CT response between induction treatment arms.

* To compare pCR between induction treatment arms among PET/CT scan responders.

* To directly compare pCR between induction treatment arms among non-responders if both treatment regimens are found to be efficacious.

* To determine 8-month progression-free survival (PFS) in PET/CT scan responders, and in non-responders treated with alternative crossover chemoradiotherapy.

* Estimate the PFS and overall survival (OS) curves, overall and among PET responders and PET/CT non-responders by induction treatment.

* To determine the rate of postoperative anastomotic leak after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation.

* To evaluate immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR of ERCC1, and genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1, XPD, and XRCC1.

* To evaluate status and levels of methylation of nine candidate biomarker genes as well as expression levels of selected specific microRNAs, which will be correlated with chemoradiation response.

* To compare the quality of life (QOL) of responders and nonresponders (as determined by PET/CT scanning) to presurgical treatment for esophageal cancer, in terms of global QOL, physical symptoms, physical functioning, and emotional well-being.

* To examine the association between OS and QOL in esophageal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, chemoradiation therapy, and surgery.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to T-stage (T1-2 vs T3-4) and nodal status (N0 vs N+). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

* Arm I: Patients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by ≥ 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent radiotherapy (RT) (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to arm II during RT.

* Arm II: Patients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 8. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreases ≥ 35%) continue to receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour once weekly for 5 weeks and undergo RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once a day, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to arm I during RT.

Within 4-10 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, patients undergo surgery at the discretion of the treating team.

Patients may undergo blood sample collection at baseline and periodically during study for correlative studies. Patients may also complete quality-of-life questionnaires at baseline and periodically during study.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up periodically for 5 years.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
257
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
CROSSOVER
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)Leucovorin CalciumPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)Positron Emission TomographyPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)OxaliplatinPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)Radiation TherapyPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)Computed TomographyPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm II (carboplatin + paclitaxel + radiation)Radiation TherapyPatients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 8. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreases \>= 35%) continue to receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour once weekly for 5 weeks and undergo RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once a day, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm I during RT
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)FluorouracilPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)PaclitaxelPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm I (FOLFOX regimen)CarboplatinPatients receive modified FOLFOX-6 therapy comprising oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreased by \>= 35%) receive 3 additional courses of FOLFOX-6 therapy and undergo concurrent RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once daily, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm II during RT.
Arm II (carboplatin + paclitaxel + radiation)CarboplatinPatients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 8. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreases \>= 35%) continue to receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour once weekly for 5 weeks and undergo RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once a day, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm I during RT
Arm II (carboplatin + paclitaxel + radiation)PaclitaxelPatients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 8. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses. Patients then undergo PET/CT scan. Patients with responsive disease (tumor metabolic activity decreases \>= 35%) continue to receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel IV over 1 hour once weekly for 5 weeks and undergo RT (3D-conformal or intensity-modulated) once a day, 5 days a week, for approximately 6 weeks. Patients without responsive disease (metabolic activity did not decrease by 35%) cross over to Arm I during RT
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Complete Pathological Response (pCR) of PET/CT Non-respondersUp to 5 years

The primary endpoint of this study is the percentage of PET/CT non-responders within each induction treatment group reporting a pCR. A pCR is defined as having no tumor found on pathology review at surgery in all resected lymph nodes and tissue. All tissues sampled must have NO viable tumor.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Among PET/CT Non-responders Within Each Induction Treatment GroupUp to 5 years

A non-responder was defined as having a PET/CT SUV (standard uptake value) decrease of less than 35% after induction.

Among the patients who completed induction therapy and did not respond, the progression free survival in each arm were compared. PFS will be measured from study entry until documented progression or death from any cause. PFS will be estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier.

PET/CT Response Between Treatment ArmsUp to 5 years

A PET/CT response to induction therapy is defined as metabolic activity of the tumor decreasing by \>=35%, as measured by maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax).

pCR Compared Between Induction Treatment Arms Among PET/CT RespondersUp to 5 years

A PET/CT response to induction therapy is defined as metabolic activity of the tumor decreasing by \>=35%, as\>

\>\>

\>\>

\>\> measured by maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). A pCR is defined as having no tumor found on pathology review at surgery in all resected lymph nodes and tissue. All tissues sampled must have NO viable tumor.

pCR Compared Among Non-responders Between Induction Treatment Arms if Treatment Regimens Are Found to be EfficaciousUp to 5 years

A Complete Pathological Response (pCR) is defined as having no tumor found on pathology review at surgery in all resected lymph nodes and tissue. All tissues sampled must have NO viable tumor. A non-responder was defined as having a PET/CT SUV (standard uptake value) decrease of less than 35% after induction.\>

\>\>\>

\>

\>\>\> Among the patients who completed induction therapy and did not respond, the percentage of patients reporting a pCR in each arm were compared.

Trial Locations

Locations (68)

Diagnostic and Treatment Center

🇺🇸

Weston, Wisconsin, United States

Fletcher Allen Health Care - University Health Center Campus

🇺🇸

Burlington, Vermont, United States

Saint Joseph's Hospital

🇺🇸

Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States

Marshfield Clinic - Weston Center

🇺🇸

Weston, Wisconsin, United States

Queen's Cancer Institute at Queen's Medical Center

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

OnCare Hawaii, Incorporated - Lusitana

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Straub Clinic and Hospital, Incorporated

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

OnCare Hawaii, Incorporated - Kuakini

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

MeritCare Broadway

🇺🇸

Fargo, North Dakota, United States

CCOP - MeritCare Hospital

🇺🇸

Fargo, North Dakota, United States

Kauai Medical Clinic

🇺🇸

Lihue, Hawaii, United States

Kapiolani Medical Center at Pali Momi

🇺🇸

'Aiea, Hawaii, United States

Oncare Hawaii, Incorporated - Pali Momi

🇺🇸

'Aiea, Hawaii, United States

Kuakini Medical Center

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Castle Medical Center

🇺🇸

Kailua, Hawaii, United States

University of Mississippi Cancer Clinic

🇺🇸

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center

🇺🇸

Washington, District of Columbia, United States

Cancer Institute of New Jersey at UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

🇺🇸

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Tunnell Cancer Center at Beebe Medical Center

🇺🇸

Lewes, Delaware, United States

Billings Clinic - Downtown

🇺🇸

Billings, Montana, United States

Palo Alto Medical Foundation

🇺🇸

Palo Alto, California, United States

CCOP - Christiana Care Health Services

🇺🇸

Newark, Delaware, United States

Regional Cancer Center at Singing River Hospital

🇺🇸

Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States

Cancer Institute of New Jersey at Cooper - Voorhees

🇺🇸

Voorhees, New Jersey, United States

Gibbs Regional Cancer Center at Spartanburg Regional Medical Center

🇺🇸

Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States

Mountainview Medical

🇺🇸

Berlin, Vermont, United States

Methodist Estabrook Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Camino Medical Group - Treatment Center

🇺🇸

Mountain View, California, United States

UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center

🇺🇸

San Francisco, California, United States

Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University

🇺🇸

Chicago, Illinois, United States

John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County

🇺🇸

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Massachusetts General Hospital

🇺🇸

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

University of Chicago Cancer Research Center

🇺🇸

Chicago, Illinois, United States

CCOP - Illinois Oncology Research Association

🇺🇸

Peoria, Illinois, United States

CCOP - Carle Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Urbana, Illinois, United States

McFarland Clinic, PC

🇺🇸

Ames, Iowa, United States

Union Hospital of Cecil County

🇺🇸

Elkton, Maryland, United States

Oncology Hematology Associates of Central Illinois, PC - Peoria

🇺🇸

Peoria, Illinois, United States

Siouxland Hematology-Oncology Associates, LLP

🇺🇸

Sioux City, Iowa, United States

United Hospital

🇺🇸

Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States

Regions Hospital Cancer Care Center

🇺🇸

Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States

Mount Sinai Medical Center

🇺🇸

New York, New York, United States

Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital - Saint Louis

🇺🇸

Saint Louis, Missouri, United States

SUNY Upstate Medical University Hospital

🇺🇸

Syracuse, New York, United States

NYU Cancer Institute at New York University Medical Center

🇺🇸

New York, New York, United States

Presbyterian Cancer Center at Presbyterian Hospital

🇺🇸

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

🇺🇸

New York, New York, United States

Iredell Memorial Hospital

🇺🇸

Statesville, North Carolina, United States

Blumenthal Cancer Center at Carolinas Medical Center

🇺🇸

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Forbes Regional Hospital

🇺🇸

Monroeville, Pennsylvania, United States

Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University - Philadelphia

🇺🇸

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Alle-Kiski Medical Center

🇺🇸

Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania, United States

Fox Chase Cancer Center CCOP Research Base

🇺🇸

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Oklahoma University Cancer Institute

🇺🇸

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

UPMC Cancer Centers

🇺🇸

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Allegheny Cancer Center at Allegheny General Hospital

🇺🇸

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Marshfield Clinic - Marshfield Center

🇺🇸

Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States

Center for Cancer Treatment & Prevention at Sacred Heart Hospital

🇺🇸

Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States

Marshfield Clinic - Lakeland Center

🇺🇸

Minocqua, Wisconsin, United States

Marshfield Clinic - Indianhead Center

🇺🇸

Rice Lake, Wisconsin, United States

Marshfield Clinic at Saint Michael's Hospital

🇺🇸

Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States

Saint Michael's Hospital Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States

Yale Cancer Center

🇺🇸

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Saint Joseph Mercy Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

🇺🇸

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Ministry Medical Group at Saint Mary's Hospital

🇺🇸

Rhinelander, Wisconsin, United States

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