Childcare Outdoor Learning Environments as Active Food Systems
- Conditions
- Sedentary BehaviorPediatric Obesity
- Interventions
- Other: Garden installation
- Registration Number
- NCT04864574
- Lead Sponsor
- North Carolina State University
- Brief Summary
The aim of this project is to assess the effectiveness of the fruit and vegetable (FV) gardening component of the Preventing Obesity by Design strategy to support preschool fresh fruit and vegetable knowledge, liking and consumption, and physical activity in children 3-5 years old living in under-resourced communities and attending childcare using a Randomized Controlled Trial research design. Sample: 15 childcare centers, 286 children.
- Detailed Description
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a gardening component on preschool children's knowledge, liking and consumption of fruit and vegetable consumption, and their level of physical activity during gardening season.
Intervention: Fruit and vegetable garden installation. Childcare centers were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1, intervention (5 centers); Group 2, wait list control (5 centers); Group 3, no-intervention control (5 centers).
In Year 1 (Spring), baseline data was collected from Groups 1 and Group 2 (waitlist). Group 1, initial intervention centers, received the garden intervention in the Summer and both groups were assessed in the Fall, post intervention. No further data was collected from Group 1.
In Year 2 (Spring), Group 2 (waitlist, now intervention) and Group 3 were assessed. Group 2, received the garden intervention in the Summer of Year 2 and both groups were assessed in the Fall of Year 2.
No further data was collected.
Sample: 15 centers. Children: 286 (4 and 5 years old). Center demographic profile includes child data: age, gender, parental education, race/ethnicity, special needs, and height/weight (BMI). To avoid losing "graduating" five year old children, post-intervention data was gathered before school start date.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 286
- Children enrolled in selected childcare centers
- Parental consent
- Child consent to participate at the time of data collection
- No parental consent
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Group 2 - Wait-list control (delayed intervention) Garden installation Participating children have daily access to the fruit and vegetable garden beginning Year 2. Group 1 - Intervention Garden installation Participating children have daily access to the fruit and vegetable garden beginning Year 1.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in mean vegetable knowledge 6-item, measured by pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening. Change from baseline to 5 months Measured by presenting child with an image of each of 6 vegetables on a tablet screen and asking the child if he/she knows (Y/N) the vegetable. Pictorial questionnaire based on Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20.
Six vegetables: cucumber, green bean, red pepper, yellow squash, tomato, and zucchini. Same vegetables were planted in the garden.Change in fruit consumption, measured by mean weight of 6 snack-time fruit consumed after 5 months of gardening Change from baseline to 5 months Objective measurement of grams of fruit consumed during snack time data collection. Store-bought, standard pieces of fruits offered on individual segmented trays (6" x 12"). Each tray is labeled with a child's ID number. Six fruits (approximately 50gr/each are served). The measure is based on the Fruit \& Vegetable Snack Tool, Witt KE, Dunn C. Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschoolers: Evaluation of Color Me Healthy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44(2):107-113.
Fruit servings are weighed in grams before and after the snack consumption session to the nearest .01gr. Fruits offered for consumption are the same as shown on pictorial tablet questionnaires (knowledge and liking) and planted in the intervention gardens except for apple that takes too long to produce fruit.
Six fruits: apple, blueberries, blackberry, strawberry, cantaloupe, watermelon.Change in mean fruit knowledge 6-item, measured by pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening. Change from baseline to 5 months Measured by presenting child with an image of each of 6 fruit on a tablet screen and asking the child if he/she knows (Y/N) the fruit. Pictorial questionnaire based on Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20.
Six fruits: apple, blueberries, blackberry, strawberry, cantaloupe, watermelon. Same fruits were planted in the garden except for apple that takes too long to produce fruitChange in vegetable consumption, measured by mean weight of six snack-time vegetables consumed after 5 months of gardening Change from baseline to 5 months Objective measurement of grams of vegetable consumed during snack time data collection. Store-bought, standard pieces of vegetables offered on individual segmented trays (6" x 12"). Each tray is labeled with a child's ID number. Six vegetables (approximately 50gr/each) are served. The measure is based on the Fruit \& Vegetable Snack Tool, Witt KE, Dunn C. Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschoolers: Evaluation of Color Me Healthy. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44(2):107-113.
Vegetable servings are weighed in grams before and after the snack consumption session to the nearest .01gr. Vegetables offered for consumption are the same shown on pictorial tablet questionnaires (knowledge and liking) and planted in the intervention gardens.
Six vegetables: cucumber, green bean, red pepper, yellow squash, tomato, and zucchini.Change in mean vegetable liking 6-item, measured by 5-point face scale pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening. Change from baseline to 5 months Measured by presenting child with an image of each of the 6 vegetables (one by one) on a tablet screen and asking she/he to indicate whether the vegetable is super yummy, yummy, just okay, yucky, super yucky by pointing at a one of 5 non-gendered faces representing a 5-point scale of liking. This age-appropriate measure is based upon Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20.
Six vegetables: cucumber, green bean, red pepper, yellow squash, tomato, and zucchini. Same vegetables were planted in the garden.Change in physical activity level (percent of day at sedentary, moderate, and vigorous levels), measured by Actigraph GT3x+ after 5 months of gardening activities. Change from baseline to 5 months Children wear Actigraph GT3x+ accelerometers for three consecutive days during same weeks of Outcome 1 - 6 data collection in April (before garden installation) and August (end of garden season) each study year.
Minutes of sedentary (\< 8.3 counts/5 sec), light (8.4-191 counts/5 sec), moderate (192-334 counts/5 sec), and vigorous (≥335 counts/5 sec) physical activity is computed based on METS.
The measure is based on Evenson KR, Catellier DJ, Gill K, Ondrak KS, McMurray RG. Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci. 2008;26(14):1557-1565. doi:10.1080/02640410802334196Change in mean fruit liking 6-item, measured by 5-point scale pictorial questionnaire after 5 months of gardening. Change from baseline to 5 months Measured by presenting child with an image of each of the 6 fruit (one by one) on a tablet screen and asking she/he to indicate whether the fruit is super yummy, yummy, just okay, yucky, super yucky by pointing at one of 5 non-gendered faces representing a 5-point scale of liking. This age-appropriate measure is based upon Carraway-Stage, V., Spangler, H., Borges, M., \& Goodell, L. S. (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite, 75, 11-20.
Six fruits: apple, blueberries, blackberry, strawberry, cantaloupe, watermelon. Same fruits were planted in the garden except for apple that takes too long to produce fruit.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (15)
Appletree Child Development Center, Inc. #4
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Kids Educational Center
🇺🇸Knightdale, North Carolina, United States
Kiddie Academy of Fuquay
🇺🇸Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina, United States
Kids First Academy
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Kreepers N Krawlers Child Care Center
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Ready or Not, Here I Grow
🇺🇸Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina, United States
KinderCare Learning Center
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Appletree Child Development Center, Inc. #3
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
White Plains Children's Center
🇺🇸Cary, North Carolina, United States
Raleigh Rainbow Child Care Center
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
The Learning Experience
🇺🇸Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States
The Goddard School
🇺🇸Cary, North Carolina, United States
Touched by an Angel Open Arms
🇺🇸Knightdale, North Carolina, United States
La Petite Academy - Leesville
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
La Petite Academy - Hedingham
🇺🇸Raleigh, North Carolina, United States