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Myofascial Trigger Point Release and Paced Breathing Training for Chronic Low Back Pain

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Chronic Low-back Pain
Interventions
Other: Core stabilization exercises and paced breathing training
Other: Myofascial trigger point release and paced breathing training
Other: Core stabilization exercises
Other: Myofascial trigger point release
Registration Number
NCT04107597
Lead Sponsor
ARCIM Institute Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Brief Summary

A study to explore whether two different treatment approaches, myofascial trigger point release and core stabilization exercises, both with and without additional paced breathing training, can help patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and whether one of the two treatments is superior.

Detailed Description

This is a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of myofascial trigger point release therapy compared to core stabilization exercises, both with and without additional paced breathing training, on patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The main focus is on changes in pain severity, anxiety and depression, heart rate variability, and use of analgesic medication. Outcomes are measured at baseline (pre-intervention), after ten treatments (post-intervention), at three- and at six-month follow-up.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
124
Inclusion Criteria
  • Written informed consent
  • Age between 20 and 70 years
  • LBP at least once a week during the last three months
  • Pain intensity rated at least 4 on an 11-point scale (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable)
  • Muscular pain during flexion, extension and lateral flexion
Exclusion Criteria
  • Acute hernia
  • Acute local or generalized inflammation
  • Neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, hemiplegia
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Radicular symptoms (Lasègue's sign, weakness of foot dorsiflexion muscle, needles or tingling in the legs)
  • Paraspinal tumors or metastases
  • Cancer under chemo- or radio-surgical treatment or requiring such during the next 12 months
  • Leg prostheses
  • Rheumatic, cardiovascular or chronic pulmonary condition precluding 45-minute physical therapy (contraindication declared by a physician)
  • Severe depression or severe anxiety currently requiring psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy
  • Suicidal tendencies
  • Drug abuse or addiction
  • Pregnancy existing or planned during the study period

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Core stabilization exercises and paced breathing trainingCore stabilization exercises and paced breathing trainingPatients with CLBP who practice core stabilization exercises combined with paced breathing training
Myofascial trigger point release and paced breathing trainingMyofascial trigger point release and paced breathing trainingPatients with CLBP who receive myofascial trigger point release therapy combined with paced breathing training
Core stabilization exercisesCore stabilization exercisesPatients with CLBP who practice core stabilization exercises
Myofascial trigger point releaseMyofascial trigger point releasePatients with CLBP who receive myofascial trigger point release therapy
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Post-intervention pain severity5 weeks

Self-reported severity of LBP after ten treatments with the assigned intervention, assessed with the 4-item pain severity score of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The items are rated on an 11-point scale (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable), the score is reported as the mean of the corresponding items.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
HRV analysis: Change in RMSSD24-hour ECG measurements taken at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

Root mean square of successive differences (ms). HRV data are obtained from 24-hour ECG measurements

Pain severity at three-month follow-upMeasured at three-month follow-up

Self-reported severity of LBP at three-month follow-up, assessed with the 4-item pain severity score of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The items are rated on an 11-point scale (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable), the score is reported as the mean of the corresponding items.

Pain severity at six-month follow-upMeasured at six-month follow-up

Self-reported severity of LBP at six-month follow-up, assessed with the 4-item pain severity score of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The items are rated on an 11-point scale (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable), the score is reported as the mean of the corresponding items.

Change in patients' belief in therapists' expertiseMeasured at baseline (pre-intervention) and 5 weeks (post-intervention)

Assessed with the 6-item subscale "Patients' Belief in Therapists' Expertise" of the Questionnaire for Measuring Common Factors in Psychotherapy ("Fragebogen zur Erfassung relevanter Therapiebedingungen", FERT). The items are rated on a seven-point Likert scale (1=totally disagree, 7=totally agree; score between 6 and 42).

Change in the use of analgesic medicationAssessed at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

Amount of analgesic medication according to the medication records kept by the participants

Change in anxietyMeasured at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

Assessed with the 7-item subscale Anxiety of the self-reporting Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The items are rated on a 4-point scale (0=positive, 3=negative) and added to a score between 0 (insignificant; non-cases) and 21 (severe)

Change in therapists' expectation of improvementMeasured at baseline (pre-intervention) and 5 weeks (post-intervention)

Assessed with the 3-item scale "Therapists' Expectation of Improvement". The items are rated on a seven-point Likert scale (1=totally disagree, 7=totally agree; score between 3 and 21).

HRV analysis: Change in LF/HF ratio24-hour ECG measurements taken at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

LF/HF ratio = ratio of two bands from frequency domain analysis: LF band (0.04-0.15 Hz), HF band (0.15-0.40 Hz). HRV data are obtained from 24-hour ECG measurements

Change in patients' expectation of improvementMeasured at baseline (pre-intervention) and 5 weeks (post-intervention)

Assessed with the 3-item subscale "Patients' Expectation of Improvement" of the Questionnaire for Measuring Common Factors in Psychotherapy ("Fragebogen zur Erfassung relevanter Therapiebedingungen", FERT). The items are rated on a seven-point Likert scale (1=totally disagree, 7=totally agree; score between 3 and 21).

HRV analysis: Change in SDNN24-hour ECG measurements taken at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

Standard deviation of normal to normal (NN) intervals (ms). HRV data are obtained from 24-hour ECG measurements

Change in pain interferenceMeasured at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

Self-reported LBP-related functional impairment, assessed with the 7-item pain interference score of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The items are rated on an 11-point scale (0=no interference, 10=interferes completely), the score is reported as the mean of the corresponding items.

Change in depressionMeasured at baseline (pre-intervention), 5 weeks (post-intervention), three- and six-month follow-up

Assessed with the 7-item subscale Depression of the self-reporting Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The items are rated on a 4-point scale (0=positive, 3=negative) and added to a score between 0 (insignificant; non-cases) and 21 (severe)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Arcim Institute

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Filderstadt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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