Effects on Subclinical Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects on Liraglutide Treatment Versus Glimepiride Both in Combination With Metformin
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Intervention
- liraglutide
- Conditions
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Sponsor
- Thomas Nystrom
- Enrollment
- 62
- Locations
- 2
- Primary Endpoint
- Left ventricle longitudinal function and/or functional reserve during rest and/or after exercise using tissue Doppler echocardiography
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 9 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring incretin with insulinotropic properties. Apart from the glycemic actions, cardiovascular effects by GLP-1 have recently been reviewed. Receptors for GLP-1 are expressed in the rodent and human heart and acute activation of GLP-1 signalling has been shown to influence e.g. heart rate and blood pressure. In a knock-out mouse model, GLP-1R-/- mice exhibited a defective cardiovascular contractile response together with left ventricular hypertrophy. GLP-1 improves severe left ventricular heart failure in humans suffering from a myocardial infarction. Hence, it has been demonstrated that GLP-1 exerts direct functional effects through both GLP-1 receptor dependent and independent pathways in the heart.
Native GLP-1 is an extremely short acting peptide, with a half-time breakdown of 1-2 minutes, a feature that makes it unsuitable as a drug treatment for type 2 diabetes. To this end, several long-acting GLP-1 analogues, drugs for treating type 2 diabetes, have been tested for this purpose. The analogue liraglutide exerts its effects via the native GLP-1 receptor, localized not only on the pancreatic β-cells, but also in the human heart. Interestingly, liraglutide has been demonstrated to have beneficial effect on heart function in mice. Taken together, recent data shows that GLP-1 and its stable analogue liraglutide exert beneficial cardiovascular effects.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue liraglutide improves heart function (measured as left ventricle longitudinal function and/or functional reserve during rest and/or after exercise) after 18 weeks of liraglutide + metformin, compared with glimepiride + metformin, using tissue Doppler echocardiography.
Detailed Description
The subjects will attend a screening visit (Visit 1) in order to assess their eligibility. If found eligible, the subjects will return at Visit 2 within approximately 4 weeks, after Visit 1, with an up-titration with metformin 1 g BID or the maximal tolerated dosage of metformin (Run-in period). At Visit 2 patients will be tested for; * Heart function at rest and during an exercise ECG Stress Test with tissue Doppler echocardiography * 24-hour blood pressure * Anthropometric assessment * Symptoms of dyspnea or fatigue (scoring system, classified as NYHA). * Quality of life (SF 36) * Blood test (venipuncture) Subsequently thereafter, subjects will during visit 2 be randomized to receive either liraglutide 1.8 mg s.c. (initial dose of 0.6 mg with an up-titration of 0.6 mg every week, final dose 1.8 mg QD) or glimepiride 4 mg p.o (initial dose of 2 mg, with an up-titration of 1 mg every week, final dose 4 mg QD). At Visit 2, subjects will be supplied with a glucose meter (Abbot Contour) and instruction on use of the device including regular calibration according to the manufacturer's instruction. Subjects will be instructed on how to record the results of the self measured plasma glucose (SMPG) values in the meter. Subjects will then ask to monitor a 7 point profile glucose curve consecutively in three days before visit 3, at visit 4 and at the end of treatment (visit 5). SMBG values will be transferred via a computerized system (Diasend®). Visit 3. Telephone visit. Self-reporting glucose measurements. Visit 4. Telephone visit. Self-reporting glucose measurements. At week 18 (Visit 5), subjects will be re-tested for: * Heart function at rest and during an exercise ECG Stress Test with tissue Doppler echocardiography * 24-hour blood pressure * Anthropometric assessment * Symptoms of dyspnea or fatigue (scoring system, classified as NYHA). * Quality of life (SF 36) * Blood test (venipuncture)
Investigators
Thomas Nystrom
MD, PhD
Karolinska Institutet
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Type 2 diabetes.
- •Heart Failure, visualized with echocardiography, one of the following (2.1, 2.2 or 2.3).
- •Ejection Fraction ≤ 50%.
- •Decreased systolic velocity (four chamber view) where two, out of four segments (Septum, Lateral, Inferior and Anterior Wall) has a relative decrease in velocity of 20% compared to a normal population.
- •Evidence of diastolic dysfunction as shown by abnormal left ventricular relaxation, filling, diastolic distensibility or stiffness. An E/E' ratio (ratio of early diastolic velocities of mitral inflow derived Doppler imaging and myocardial movement derived by tissue Doppler imaging) \>15 is considered diagnostic of diastolic dysfunction and an E/E' ratio \< 8 as diagnostic of the absence of diastolic heart failure. An increased left atrial size (\>49 ml/ m2) and an increased left ventricular mass (\>122 g/m2 in women and \>149 g/m2 in men) are considered sufficient evidence of diastolic dysfunction when the E/E' ratio is inconclusive.
- •HbA1c (accordingly to IFCC) 47 mmol/mol - 95 mmol/mol.
- •If antihypertensive treatment, the medication has to be stable, no change, for the last 1 month.
- •Male and female subjects, 18-80 years of age.
- •Signed informed consent form.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Type 1 diabetes (autoantibody positive).
- •Any history of receiving GLP-1 analogues or dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitor) or glimeperide.
- •Previous treatment with glitazones within 6 months.
- •Previous treatment with other sulphonylurea within 3 months.
- •Previous treatment with insulin (any regimen) within 1 month.
- •Known severe heart failure, classified as NYHA 3-
- •Significant ischemic heart disease (defined as angina-limited exercise or unstable angina); documented acute myocardial infarction (MI) within the previous 8 weeks.
- •Active myocarditis; malfunctioning artificial heart valve.
- •Atria fibrillation or flutter
- •History of ventricular tachycardia within 3 months before study entry; second- or third-degree atrioventricular block.
Arms & Interventions
liraglutide
The present trial is a two centre, open, assessor-blinded and active-controlled, parallel-group trial, in combination with metformin. The trial will compare the treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg (s.c) QD + metformin up to 1 g BID, with that of glimepiride 4 mg QD (comparator) + metformin up to 1 g BID, on LV function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Intervention: liraglutide
liraglutide
The present trial is a two centre, open, assessor-blinded and active-controlled, parallel-group trial, in combination with metformin. The trial will compare the treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg (s.c) QD + metformin up to 1 g BID, with that of glimepiride 4 mg QD (comparator) + metformin up to 1 g BID, on LV function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Intervention: glimepiride
liraglutide
The present trial is a two centre, open, assessor-blinded and active-controlled, parallel-group trial, in combination with metformin. The trial will compare the treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg (s.c) QD + metformin up to 1 g BID, with that of glimepiride 4 mg QD (comparator) + metformin up to 1 g BID, on LV function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Intervention: Metformin
glimepiride
4 mg p.o. (QD)
Intervention: liraglutide
glimepiride
4 mg p.o. (QD)
Intervention: glimepiride
glimepiride
4 mg p.o. (QD)
Intervention: Metformin
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Left ventricle longitudinal function and/or functional reserve during rest and/or after exercise using tissue Doppler echocardiography
Time Frame: 18 weeks
Secondary Outcomes
- Plasma markers of endothelial activation i.e. E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite(18 weeks)
- Gene and protein expression (Affymetrix/proteomics)(18 weeks)
- Exercise ECG, including working capacity(18 weeks)
- Global LV function (echocardiography) expressed as ejection fraction (EF)(18 weeks)
- N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in serum over time and symptoms of dyspnea or fatigue as assessed by patient and clinician using established scoring systems(18 weeks)
- A1c(18 week)
- Plasma markers of inflammation i.e. hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α and PAI-1(18 weeks)
- Body weight(18 weeks)
- Adverse events in terms of hypoglycaemia(18 weeks)
- Quality of life (SF 36)(18 weeks)
- Energy delivering from the carotid artery(18 weeks)
- 24-hour blood pressure(18 weeks)
- Lipids(18 weeks)