Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Diabetes mellitus

Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia either immune-mediated (Type 1 diabetes), insulin resistance (Type 2), gestational or others (environment, genetic defects, infections, and certain drugs).

Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes is an important public health problem, one of four priority noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders. Both the number of cases and the prevalence of diabetes have been steadily increasing over the past few decades.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic, non-communicable disorders in the world. It is estimated, in 2014 there are 422 million adults that having diabetes (nearly doubled since 1980). Prevalence of diabetes has risen faster in low and middle income countries. There are about 1.5 million deaths accounted in 2012 due to diabetes. Increased blood glucose caused an additional 2.2 million deaths due to cardiovascular and other diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability among people with diabetes. Adults with diabetes historically have a higher prevalence rate of CVD than adults without diabetes, and the risk of CVD increases continuously with rising fasting plasma glucose levels, even before reaching levels sufficient for a diabetes diagnosis.

The increased focus on adequately treating patients with both CVD and T2DM requires that we have updated prevalence rates of CVD among patients with T2DM. This is especially needed to inform clinical and policy level decision-making by healthcare providers, healthcare policy decision-makers, and health economic analysts. Reviews have been published on the epidemiology of type1 diabetes (T1DM), and CVD.

Need of the study

An understanding of the changing epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes in Haryana is required.

Estimation of the prevalence of diabetes and identification of high risk groups is essential for planning of cardiovascular risk factors reduction interventions. There is currently insufficient information available on prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes and associated factors in Haryana