Flux Measurement and Outcome in Major Abdominal Surgery

Surgical resection is the primary therapy for a variety of benign and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Advances in the perioperative care surgical technique and imaging modalities have significantly improved the outcome of patients with major abdominal resections within the past three decades. However, the incidence of postoperative complications after major abdominal resections remains high with morbidity rates of 30-60% despite a gradual decrease in perioperative mortality over time. Persistently high morbidity rates may in part be explained by broadened indications with surgery in patients having relevant comorbidities and/or advanced disease requiring extended resections. The reduction of perioperative morbidity is of high relevance for the patients, as complications are associated with poor oncological and functional long-term outcome and delay of further therapy. In addition, complications present a major cause of costs for the health care system.

Tissue perfusion is a critical factor for tissue regeneration and healing of anastomoses. Compromised microperfusion in the area where the anastomosis is sited likely contributes to leaks, but until now there has not been an easy and reliable technique to intraoperatively evaluate microperfusion.

During the post-operative period, inadequate wound perfusion and impairment of systemic or local oxygenation represent the main predisposing factors for anastomotic leakage. This is the case for the gastric conduit as well as for colonic/rectal anstomoses.

For example, the performance of gastroplasty has been shown to be associated with impairment in the microcirculatory blood flow in the proximal end of the gastric tube, despite the absence of significant impairment in systemic haemodynamic status.

These microcirculatory impairments promote the occurrence of oesophageal anastomotic leakage, which represents a potentially life-threatening complication related to the disastrous consequences of the leakage of gastrointestinal contents, with mediastinitis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome and death.