Is Chiropractic Spinal Manipulative Therapy an Efficient Treatment Option in Cervicogenic Headache? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a symptomatic headache characterized by chronic unilateral headache and symptoms and signs of neck involvement. CEH is often worsened by neck movement, sustained awkward head position, external pressure over the upper cervical or occipital region on the symptomatic side. Abolition of the headache following diagnostic anesthetic blocks of cervical structures or local factors in neck give evidence that the pain is attributed to a neck disorder or lesion. The prevalence of CEH is 0.2% in the general population of Akershus County, i.e. 9,000 Norwegians have CEH. However, the prevalence varies between 0.4-4.1% in studies applying less rigorous diagnostic criteria. The efficacy of pharmacological management in CEH is poor. Patients suffering from CEH are commonly treated with CSMT, but the methodology has one or more shortcomings in all studies. In addition, the RCTs mostly included participant with infrequent CEH and did not follow the recommended clinical guidelines by the International Headache Society (IHS) of intervention of at least three months. An analysis of the literature as well as a recent pilot study suggests that CSMT has an effect on headache intensity and duration, and medication intake. However, a randomized controlled clinical trial with high methodological quality on CEH still remains to be conducted.

The RCT is single blinded, placebo-controlled trial of CSMT using the Gonstead method vs. sham manipulation and control group. If the treatment shows to be effective, the participants whom receive sham manipulation or control will be offered true intervention after the follow-up period and free of charge. This study will follow the recommendations set by the clinical trial guidelines from the IHS, while the methodological quality control will in general follow previous suggested criteria and the CONSORT statements.

Patients will be recruited through Akershus University Hospital and Innlandet Hospital, Norway as well as through media advertising in Akershus and Oslo County. The diagnose is set by a chiropractor and a neurologist with experience in headache.

The clinical trials consist of three stages: Run-in, intervention (treatment) and follow-up.

One month of base line data collection where participants will fill-in a diagnostic headache diary. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics will be presented in tables with mean and standard deviation (SD) for each group.