Impaired HDL and Coronary Artery Disease in Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Users

Completed

• Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease
• Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography; Diagnostic Test: Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL

• Registration Number: NCT03450837
• Lead Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

Brief Summary

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The illicit use of these substances also leads to a remarkable decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) plasma concentration, which could be a key factor in the atherosclerotic process. The investigators tested the functionality of HDL by cholesterol efflux and antioxidant capacity and its association with CAD in young men.

Detailed Description

Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU) age 29±5 yr, 20 age-matched strength-trained AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were enrolled.

HDL concentration and functionality by measuring the 14C-cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL and the ability of HDL in inhibiting LDL oxidation were evaluated.

Coronary artery was evaluated with coronary computed tomography angiography.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2015-04-01
• Primary Completion: 2016-04-01
• Study Completion: 2017-04-01
• Status Verified: 2018-02
• Study First Submitted: 2018-02-15
• Study First Submitted QC: 2018-02-28
• Last Update Submitted: 2018-02-28
• Study First Posted: 2018-03-01
• Last Update Posted: 2018-03-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Male
• Target Recruitment: 51

Inclusion Criteria

• Anabolic androgenic steroids users and Anabolic androgenic steroids nonusers groups had been involved in strength training for at least 2 years;
• Anabolic androgenic steroids users should be self-administering anabolic androgenic steroids in periodic cycles lasting from 8 to 12 weeks for at least 2 years with 2-4 cycles per year;
• All anabolic androgenic steroids users were on a cycle over the course of the study;
• Sedentary control group: sedentary men without cardiovascular disease.

Exclusion Criteria

• Smoking;
• Alcohol consumption;
• Use of diuretics and/or antihypertensive medications;
• Liver and kidney disease

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Sedentary control	Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography	This group were sedentary men without cardiovascular disease. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL
Anabolic androgenic steroids users	Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL	This group had been involved in strength training for at least 2 years, self-administering anabolic androgenic steroids in periodic cycles lasting from 8 to 12 weeks for at least 2 years with 2-4 cycles per year. All participants were on a cycle over the course of the study. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL
Anabolic androgenic steroids nonusers	Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL	This group had been involved in strength training for at least 2 years and they have never took anabolic androgenic steroids. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL
Anabolic androgenic steroids users	Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography	This group had been involved in strength training for at least 2 years, self-administering anabolic androgenic steroids in periodic cycles lasting from 8 to 12 weeks for at least 2 years with 2-4 cycles per year. All participants were on a cycle over the course of the study. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL
Anabolic androgenic steroids nonusers	Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography	This group had been involved in strength training for at least 2 years and they have never took anabolic androgenic steroids. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL
Sedentary control	Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL	This group were sedentary men without cardiovascular disease. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Macrophage cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Concentration and the functionality of HDL	1 day	Blood sample was collected in the morning (between 8:00-10:00 a.m.) after 12 hours fasting and after 30 minutes of resting for HDL concentration assessment.; Determination of 14C-cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL utilized macrophages cultured cells from mice was used to test the functionality of HDL.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Prevalence of CAD in young men anabolic steroids users	1 day	Coronary computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate coronary artery plaque and calcification.