The Effect of Physical Activity on Healthy Lifestyle, Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-Being in Late Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Study

Introduction The adolescent period is the phase of life characterized by the fastest growth and development, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood. During this time, adolescents experience a sensitive period in which they complete their physical, emotional, cognitive, sociocultural, vocational, and moral development. It is crucial to establish healthy lifestyle behaviors during adolescence and to promote adolescent health for a healthy society.

Health Promotion Health promotion is defined as the increase in the well-being of an individual or group and the realization of one's potential This process can be achieved in adolescents through self-regulation and transforming healthy lifestyle behaviors into permanent habits. Healthy lifestyle behaviors include engaging in physical activity, maintaining a healthy diet, practicing safe sexual behaviors, managing stress, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking, alcohol, and substance use.

Importance of Physical Activity Physical activity among adolescents noticeably declines compared to earlier stages and continues to decrease with age into adulthood. Physical activity has been shown to be an effective way to enhance mental health and well-being. Individuals who are physically active exhibit lower levels of fatigue, anxiety, stress, and depression, along with greater vitality and well-being during both adolescence and adulthood.

Adolescents who engage in physical activity tend to have an ideal body weight and shape, exhibit more cheerful and positive peer interactions, achieve higher academic success, and demonstrate greater responsibility and independent decision-making skills. Their self-confidence and self-esteem significantly increase during this process Planning Physical Activity Adolescents can perform physical activities that are appropriate for their age group and of their choosing in their daily lives. However, it is important to remember that the chosen activity should be planned, regular, continuous, and of appropriate intensity. Otherwise, the positive effects of physical activity may not be realized and may not become permanent. When physical activity does not transition into a regular and planned program, or when the activity is abandoned, the beneficial effects can quickly diminish.

The key factor that distinguishes this study from others is its comprehensive examination of the effects of regular physical activity on late adolescents, not only in terms of physical health but also regarding healthy lifestyle behaviors, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. While other studies typically focus on the benefits of physical activity for physical health, this research considers the broader psychological and social development of adolescents, offering a wider perspective. Additionally, its emphasis on the sustainability of a planned and structured physical activity regimen, along with its approach to transforming physical activity into a lifestyle, represents a significant difference.