Randomized Trial of Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent and Sirolimus-Eluting Stent for Restenosis Reduction in Small Coronary Vessels (ISAR-SMART-3)

Although use of bare metal stents has reduced restenosis in coronary vessels with a diameter ≥3 mm when compared to plain balloon angioplasty, most of the dedicated randomized studies have failed to show a beneficial effect of stent over balloon angioplasty in vessels with a small reference diameter. In spite of refinements in stent design and periprocedural therapy, the risk of restenosis after bare metal stenting in this setting remains elevated. Nowadays, percutaneous coronary interventions in small vessels account for 35-67% of interventional procedures performed in patients with coronary artery disease and, when bare metal stents are used, restenosis will be detected in more than 35% of the treated patients and a repeat revascularization procedure will be needed in more than 20% them. Several randomized trials have shown that stents eluting antiproliferative drugs, with sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents the only devices approved for commercial use so far, are highly effective in reducing restenosis when compared with bare metal stents. Subgroup analysis from these trials have shown that the efficacy of either sirolimus stent or paclitaxel stent extends also to those patients who undergo coronary stenting in small sized vessels. In addition, three randomized studies of sirolimus-eluting stents and bare metal stents used in coronary arteries smaller than 3 mm have reported 82-96% reduction in the relative risk of restenosis with the sirolimus stents thus, providing convincing evidence on the role of drug-eluting stents as an effective treatment strategy for coronary arteries with a small reference diameter.

At present, there is no direct evidence on the relative efficacy in the prevention of restenosis of sirolimus stent and paclitaxel stent after implantation in small coronary vessels. Selecting the most effective device for this particularly high-risk category that accounts for a large proportion of percutaneous coronary interventions, may have important clinical and economic implications. Comparisons of data from subgroup analysis of different trials have suggested that there might be differences in the efficacy to prevent restenosis between sirolimus and paclitaxel stents. However, indirect comparisons are subject to many limitations and consequently, conclusions based on their results may be erroneous. Therefore, reliable guidance on the selection of the most effective drug-eluting stent for treatment of lesions in coronary vessels with a small reference diameter could be provided only from a head-to-head comparison between these devices.

Comparison:

Sirolimus-eluting stent and paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients undergoing stenting in small coronary vessels.