A Novel Approach to Community-based HIV Testing With Traditional Healers in Mwanza, Tanzania

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: HIV; Health Behavior
• Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Point-of-care HIV testing; Behavioral: HIV testing education

• Registration Number: NCT04071873
• Lead Sponsor: Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Brief Summary

HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potential to dramatically decrease HIV transmission worldwide. In Tanzania, HIV prevalence is \~5%, with 1.6 million people living with HIV/AIDS; it is the leading cause of hospitalization and death among Tanzanian adults. However, less than 50% of HIV-infected Tanzanian adults know their status.Successful implementation of community-based services requires an understanding of the social and cultural context that influence community engagement with HIV services. Specifically, many HIV endemic regions are also medically pluralistic communities, where multiple explanatory frameworks for health and disease co-exist. In these areas, HIV testing and ART clinical care do not occur in isolation; traditional healers are commonly utilized instead of or concurrently with biomedical services. Therefore, the success of decentralized, community-based HIV services must be founded upon a thorough understanding of medical pluralism, and engagement with traditional healers as stakeholders in community health.

This study will investigate the feasibility of involving traditional healers in HIV testing, and pilot an intervention to expand HIV testing within communities that use traditional medicine in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Detailed Description

This study has two specific aims.

Specific Aim 1:

Tailor a point of care HIV testing intervention for delivery in northwestern Tanzania, using data from 1) qualitative interviews and 2) community engagement strategies. Interviews with traditional healers, traditional and biomedical clients, and HIV clinic staff will illustrate local variables impacting HIV testing engagement. A community advisory board with stakeholder members will guide program implementation, tailoring protocols to maximize uptake.

Specific Aim 2:

Conduct a cluster-randomized pilot of the HIV testing intervention. This pilot will offer HIV testing at five traditional healer practice sites, compared with a control group of five healers providing education on community HIV resources..

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-08-26
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-08-26
• Study First Posted: 2019-08-28
• Study Start: 2019-10-14
• Status Verified: 2020-10
• Primary Completion: 2020-10-01
• Study Completion: 2020-10-01
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-10-31
• Last Update Posted: 2020-11-03

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 200

Inclusion Criteria

• 18 years of age or older
• Not known to be HIV-infected
• Client of a traditional healer practice
• Willing to be contacted for monthly follow-up for three months
• Willing to complete an exit survey at the end of three months
• Able to provide informed consent

Inclusion specific to point-of-care HIV testing intervention:

• Willing to have point of care HIV test
• Willing to receive results of HIV test

Exclusion Criteria

• less than 18 years of age
• Known to be HIV-infected
• Unable to provide informed consent
• Unwilling to participate in follow-up

Exclusion specific to point-of-care HIV testing intervention:

• Unwilling to have point-of-care HIV test
• Unwilling to receive the results of HIV test

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Point-of-care HIV testing (intervention)	Point-of-care HIV testing	Participants will be offered voluntary point-of-care HIV testing during a traditional healer visit.
Education on community HIV resources (control)	HIV testing education	Participants will be offered education regarding HIV testing and community resources during a traditional healer visit.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rate of HIV testing	Within 3 months following visit	Rate of HIV testing among clients of traditional healers who were offered point-of-care HIV testing, as compared to clients who were offered education regarding community HIV resources.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rate of new HIV diagnosis	3 months	Rate of new HIV diagnosis among clients of traditional healers who were offered point-of-care HIV testing, as compared to clients who were offered education regarding community HIV resources.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

National Institute for Medical Research; 🇹🇿 Mwanza, Tanzania