Nornicotine in Smokeless Tobacco as a Precursor for Carcinogen Exposure
试验速览
- 阶段
- 1 期
- 状态
- 进行中（未招募）
- 入组人数
- 55
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- To investigate endogenous formation of NNN in smokeless tobacco users.
研究概览
简要总结
Our goal in this study is to investigate the extent of endogenous nitrosation of nornicotine in smokeless tobacco users as a function of nornicotine content in smokeless products. This study will lead to an understanding of the endogenous formation of NNN from nornicotine in humans, and will also investigate the effect of the reduction of nornicotine content in smokeless tobacco on the extent of endogenous NNN formation. The knowledge gained in this study will lead to the development of recommendations for the regulation, or potentially elimination, of nornicotine in smokeless tobacco products in order to minimize exposure to NNN in the users of these products.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Male or female adult smokeless tobacco users 18-65 years of age, using at least 3 tins of product per week for 6 months;
- •Used the same brand for >80% of their smokeless tobacco use over the course of at least 6 months, and used this brand exclusively for at least two weeks prior to the eligibility screening;
- •Not smoking or using any other nicotine or tobacco product in the past 2 weeks (expired CO < 6 ppm);
- •Participants are in good physical health (no unstable medical condition) and good general oral health as determined by the licensed medical professional;
- •Participants are in stable, good mental health (e.g. not currently, within the past 6 months, experiencing unstable or untreated psychiatric diagnosis, including substance abuse) as determined by the licensed medical professional;
- •Participants who are not taking any medications that affect relevant metabolic enzymes;
- •Women who are not pregnant or nursing or planning to become pregnant;
- •Participants have provided written informed consent to participate in the study.
排除标准
- •Significant immune system disorders, respiratory diseases, kidney or liver diseases or any other medical disorders that may affect biomarker data as determined by the licensed medical professional;
- •Vital signs out of range as determined by the licensed medical professional (participants failing for vital signs will be allowed to re-screen once):
- •Evident poor oral health (significant gum recession, dental caries, tooth loss) as determined by the general oral health status check;
- •Excessive drinking (e.g., 5 or more drinks daily) or problems with drinking or drugs (e.g., self-report of binge drinking alcohol or treatment for drug or alcohol abuse within last 3 months); to be assessed by PI or licensed medical professional;
- •Regular smoking or tobacco use (e.g., greater than once a week) other than oral smokeless tobacco products;
- •Currently (within the past 2 weeks) using nicotine replacement or other tobacco cessation products (to minimize confounding effects of another product);
研究组 & 干预措施
Group 1 (N=15)
160 µg/g herbal snuff, median level found in commercial moist snuff
干预措施: Herbal Snuff (Smokeless Tobacco) (Drug)
Group 2 (N=15)
70 µg/g herbal snuff, lowest level found in commercial moist snuff (rounded)
干预措施: Herbal Snuff (Smokeless Tobacco) (Drug)
Group 3 (N=15)
3.5 µg/g herbal snuff, 5% of the lowest level found in commercial moist snuff
干预措施: Herbal Snuff (Smokeless Tobacco) (Drug)
Group 4(N=10)
0 µg/g herbal snuff, control group will use unmodified herbal snuff
干预措施: Herbal Snuff (Smokeless Tobacco) (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
To investigate endogenous formation of NNN in smokeless tobacco users.
时间窗: 2 Weeks
Level of urinary \[pyridine-D4\]NNN (\[D4\]NNN) present
次要结局
未报告次要终点