Effect of the Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan on Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Profile in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

In CHF impaired insulin sensitivity is a common finding characterised by elevated fasting insulin levels and impaired effectiveness of insulin to utilise glucose in peripheral tissues, mainly in skeletal muscle tissue. Additionally, impaired insulin sensitivity, i.e. insulin resistance, progresses in parallel to severity of CHF and relates to major clinical symptoms such as reduced exercise capacity and muscle fatigue. In survival analyses, insulin resistance is a significant predictor of mortality, independently of and additionally to other established prognostic markers such as age, NYHA class, peak oxygen consumption, or LVEF. These findings indicate that insulin resistance is involved in CHF pathophysiology. Importantly, insulin resistance in CHF occurs independently of ischemic etiology. In ischaemic heart disease, however, insulin resistance as part of the metabolic syndrome is also an important prerequisite for the development of arteriosclerosis. Accordingly insulin resistance was found worst in CHF patients with ischemic etiology compared to patients with CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy and those with ischaemic heart disease without heart failure. On the basis of these findings we hypothesise that therapeutically improving insulin sensitivity may have additional beneficial effects on energy utilisation and therefore improve clinical symptoms such as reduced exercise capacity and muscle fatigue.