Development and evaluation of e-learning contents for preventing unintentional injuries in early childhood

This study is a randomized controlled experimental study to verify the educational effect of applying a mobile-based e-learning program and electronic educational materials to prevent unintentional injuries in early childhood. From August 2019 to September 2019, 167 participants (59 in the e-learning group, 53 in the electronic material group, 55 in the control group) were recruited through the parent portal site. Data for the safety knowledge and the safety behavior on children's unintentional injuries were collected before and after the experiment. E-learning program and electronic educational materials were provided to each experimental group for two weeks, and satisfaction survey was conducted two weeks later. Using ADDIE model, preventing unintentional injuries in early childhood e-learning contents were developed with Storyline 360 program. The e-learning contents were transformed to develop electronic educational materials. Collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0. Differences in safety knowledge and safety behaviors among the e-learning group, the electronic material group, and the control group were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 2-way ANOVA. The difference of satisfaction between the e-learning group and the electronic material group was analyzed by independent t-test. 1) The safety knowledge on children’s unintentional injuries in the three groups after education intervention was 15.90 ± 2.25 in the e-learning group, 16.45 ± 2.05 in the electronic material group and 15.85 ± 2.20 in the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, "There will be a difference in the safety knowledge on children’s unintentional injuries among the e-learning group, the electronic material group, and the control group" was rejected. 2) There were statistically significant differences in the safety behaviors in the three groups after intervention: 3.52 ± 0.28 for the e-learning group, 3.51 ± 0.28 for the electronic material group, and 3.32 ± 0.25 for the control group (F = 10.091, p <.001). As a result of post hoc analysis, the e-learning group and the electronic material group showed significantly higher safety behavior than control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, "There will be a difference in the safety behavior on children's unintentional injuries among the e-learning group, the electronic material group, and the control group" was supported. 3) There were no significant differences in the e-learning group and the electronic material group's satisfaction with the education, 4.08 ± 0.58 and 4.26 ± 0.51, respectively. Therefore, the third hypothesis, "There will be a difference in satisfaction with education between the e-learning group and the electronic material group" was rejected. 4) There were statistically significant differences in the safety behaviors according to the number of children (F = 4.216, p = .042). Based on the above results, it was verified that the mobile-based educational programs for preventing unintentional injuries have the effect of increasing safety behavior.