Prevalence of Potential Schistosome Hybrids and Their Invasive Capacity Under Praziquantel Pressure in Northern Senegal

Human schistosomiasis is a Neglected Tropical Disease caused by schistosome helminth worms with impressive epidemiological statistics associated: 800 million people at risk in 78 countries, > 230 million infected and > 200 000 deaths each year. The disease is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where it persists despite mass drug administration with Praziquantel (PZQ). Some schistosomes are specific to humans and induce two main disease forms (either mesenteric or uro-genital) while others are associated with wild animals. However, hybridization can occur between different schistosome species. In northern Senegal, hybridization between schistosome species specific to humans and animals is now known to be frequent with the potential risk of zoonotic transmission.

This study will propose an integrative approach by conducting parasitological and molecular analysis including, schistosome miracidia genotyping to show if PZQ repeated treatment affects the genomic composition (Frequencies of alleles) of hybrid populations.

The objectives are:

• Determine the current prevalence of potential hybrid schistosome populations in their natural setting in Senegal
• Determine the sensitivity of hybrid schistosomes to praziquantel treatment in field populations
• Determine the molecular basis (at the genome level) of such phenotypic changes).

The study is a longitudinal observation of a cohort of school children after repeated Praziquantel (40 mg/kg) treatment, a drug commonly used through Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to treat schistosomiasis.