Effects of the Use of Chewing Stick (Massularia acuminata) and Toothbrushing on Bad Breath
Not Applicable
- Conditions
- Oral Health
- Registration Number
- PACTR202309483223413
- Lead Sponsor
- International Association for Dental Research
- Brief Summary
Not available
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- Other
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 86
Inclusion Criteria
Participants with mild to moderate gingivitis.
Participants aged 18 to 29 years old.
Exclusion Criteria
Presence of periodontitis and necrotizing oral lesions.
Presence of systemic diseases such as respiratory illnesses, kidney diseases and diabetes.
Pregnancy.
Use of antibiotics within six weeks of study participants recruitment.
Impaired manual dexterity.
Use of dental prostheses such as orthodontic appliances, dentures.
Tobacco smoking and use of e-cigarettes.
Less than 20 teeth in the upper and lower arch.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Volatile sulphur compounds level
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Tongue pH, Oral hygiene status, gingival health status, bleeding on probing sites, oral hygiene practices, and self-perception of halitosis.<br> <br>