Gingival phenotypic modification using recombinant human fibroblast growth factor -2 impregnated scaffold - A randomised clinical trial

Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor incorporated into a collagen scaffold offers a biomimetic, cell-stimulating alternative to autogenous connective tissue graft for gingival soft tissue phenotype modification. While connective tissue graft remains the gold standard for increasing gingival thickness and keratinized tissue width due to its predictable integration and volume stability, it is associated with donor site morbidity and limited tissue availability. rhFGF collagen scaffolds eliminate the need for a second surgical site and actively promote fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition, potentially achieving comparable gains in gingival thickness with reduced patient morbidity. However, long term clinical evidence is still more robust for connective tissue grafts and rhFGF collagen scaffolds are currently better positioned as minimally invasive regenerative adjuncts rather than full  replacements. Hence this clinical trial is planned to be conducted with this rationale and background.