Effects of Protein Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Healing Process Following Exercise-induced Aseptic Injury
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Skeletal Muscle Damage
- Sponsor
- University of Thessaly
- Enrollment
- 14
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Changes in volume and morphological complexity of immune cells
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 9 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
In this study the investigators utilized protein supplementation over an 8-day period following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in order to test the initial hypotheses : i) protein supplementation after exercise-induced muscle injury affects exercise-induced aseptic inflammation and muscle performance.
Detailed Description
The objective was to examine weather protein supplementation is able to affect the inflammatory response as well as recovery of muscle performance following an intense eccentric exercise protocol. In a double-blind, counterbalanced design, 14 men received either Placebo (PLA) or milk protein isolate (PRO) for 8 consecutive days following a single bout of exercise (300 eccentric contractions at 30 deg/sec). In both conditions, performance was assessed at baseline, immediately post-exercise, 2h post-exercise and daily for 8 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 2h post-exercise and daily for the remaining 8 days. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were collected at baseline as well as at day 2 and day 8 of the post-exercise period.
Investigators
Ioannis G. Fatouros
Associate Professor
University of Thessaly
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •a) recreationally trained as indicated by the maximal oxygen consumption levels (VO2max \> 45 ml/kg/min), b) engaged in systematic exercise at least three times per week for \> 12 months, c) non-smokers, d) abstained from any vigorous physical activity during the study, e) abstained from consumption of caffeine, alcohol, performance-enhancing or antioxidant supplements, and medications during the study.
Exclusion Criteria
- •a) a recent febrile illness, b) history of muscle lesion, c) lower limb trauma
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Changes in volume and morphological complexity of immune cells
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in proteasome activities in muscle
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Measurement of LLVY, LSTR and LLE
Change in creatine kinase activity in plasma
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in neutrophil count in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in cytokine concentration in plasma
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Measurement of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α
Change in total antioxidant capacity in serum
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Total antioxidant capacity in serum
Change in testosterone concentration in plasma
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in protein expression level of proteasome subunits
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Measurement of B1i, B2i, B5i, B5, B1, B2 and α7
Change in protein carbonyls in serum
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Concentration of protein carbonyls
Change in thiobarbituric acid and reactive substances in serum
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration in serum
Change in white blood cell count in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in glucose concentration in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in insulin concentration in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in adhesion molecule concentration in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in reduced glutathione in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Concentration of reduced glutathione in red blood cells
Change in protein carbonyls in muscle
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Protein carbonyl concentration in quadriceps skeletal muscle group
Change in oxidized glutathione in blood
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Concentration of oxidized glutathione in red blood cells
Change in catalase activity in serum
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Catalase activity in serum
Change in C-reactive protein in plasma
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise
Change in intracellular signalling proteins in muscle
Time Frame: 1h before exercise, 2 days post-exercise, 8 days post-exercise
Measurement of phosphorylation levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) and nuclear factor kB (NFkB), and protein expression levels of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), HSP70, and parkin.
Secondary Outcomes
- Maximal aerobic capacity(One day before exercise)
- Body composition(One day before exercise)
- Change in muscle function of knee extensor and flexor muscle(1h before exercise, 5 min post-exercise, 2h post-exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise)
- Change in dietary intake profile(1h before exercise, daily for 8 days post-exercise)