Process and Effect Evaluation of the KickAsh! Intervention

Not Applicable

Active, not recruiting

• Conditions: Smoking Prevention; Smoking; Smoking Cigarette; Smoking Tobacco
• Interventions: Behavioral: KickAsh! intervention

• Registration Number: NCT05920772
• Lead Sponsor: University Ghent

Brief Summary

The goal of this evaluation study is to evaluate the KickAsh! intervention, an intervention aiming to prevent smoking initiation in adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic situations. This intervention will be implemented in youth social work organisation that offer sport and/or recreational activities for these adolescents. Youth workers will act as implementers of the intervention.

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the intervention, whether it does or does not produce change in the smoking initiation behaviour of adolescents (= effect evaluation). Secondly, the study aims to evaluate the implementation process to generate more understanding concerning why the intervention does or does not produces change. Therefore, it will be investigated how the intervention was implemented, what exactly was implemented, in which context the intervention was implemented... (= process evaluation)

For the effect evaluation adolescents will be asked to fill in a questionaire at three time points. For the process evaluations interviews and focus groups will be organised with the adolescents and youth workers respectively.

Two groups will participate to this study: one group existing of organisations where the intervention will be implemented (=intervention group), and one group where the intervention will not be implemented (= control group).

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2023-06-16
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-06-16
• Study First Posted: 2023-06-27
• Study Start: 2023-10-04
• Status Verified: 2024-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-07-15
• Last Update Posted: 2024-07-16
• Primary Completion: 2024-10-31
• Study Completion: 2024-10-31

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 720

Inclusion Criteria

• Aged between 10 and 15 years old
• Participate in activities offered by a youth social work organisation during the implementation period
• Have sufficient understanding of the Dutch language

Exclusion Criteria

• Not participating in a youth social work organisation

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Intervention group	KickAsh! intervention	A smoking initiation prevention intervention (called KickAsh! intervention) will be implemented in 12 youth social work organisations offering sport and/or recreational activities, during a period of three months (October 2023 to December 2023).Youth workers will act as implementers of the intervention. Approximately 5 youth workers per organisation will participate in the study. Adolescents participating in the youth social work organisations will receive the intervention. Approximately 25 adolescents per organisation will participate in the study.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in smoking initiation behaviour at 3 months	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	Smoking initiation will be measured following MUSICA: the Model of Unplanned Smoking Initiation of Children and Adolescents. In addition, two questions will be asked concerning smoking frequency in the past month and in adolescents life. Smoking onset age and smoking intention in the following year an d the future are also questioned.
Change in smoking initiation behaviour at 6 months follow-up	From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months	Smoking initiation will be measured following MUSICA: the Model of Unplanned Smoking Initiation of Children and Adolescents. In addition, two questions will be asked concerning smoking frequency in the past month and in adolescents life. Smoking onset age and smoking intention in the following year an d the future are also questioned.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in self-efficacy concerning smoking at 3 months	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	Self-efficacy will be measured via 6 questions measuring the ability to resist smoking in several situations (5-point likert scale). These questions will be linked to 6 coping plan items.
Change in attitude towards smoking at 6 months follow-up	From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months	8 items will be assessed: 4 items for cognitive and 4 items for emotional (dis)advantages of smoking. Adolescents will have to answer using a five-point likert scale.
Impact of implementation process on the delivered intervention	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	Implementation process (how was it delivered, feasibility, barriers and facilitators...) will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers.
Impact of delivered intervention on the study effects	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	What is delivered (fidelity, reach, dose, adaptations) will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers.
Change in self-efficacy concerning smoking at 6 months follow-up	From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months	Self-efficacy will be measured via 6 questions measuring the ability to resist smoking in several situations (5-point likert scale). These questions will be linked to 6 coping plan items.
Change in social influence concerning smoking at 3 months	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	Social influence will be measured by assessing perceived social norm (7 questions determining the perceptions of important people in the adolescent's environment) and social pressure (7 items determining the pressure felt by adolescents by the same important people). Both via a 5-point likert scale.
Mechanisms of impact concerning the delivered intervention	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	Mechanisms of impact will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers.
Change in social influence concerning smoking at 6 months follow-up	From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months	Social influence will be measured by assessing perceived social norm (7 questions determining the perceptions of important people in the adolescent's environment) and social pressure (7 items determining the pressure felt by adolescents by the same important people). Both via a 5-point likert scale.
Impact of context on study effects during implementation	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	Context of the youth social work organisations will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers.
Change in attitude towards smoking at 3 months	From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months	8 items will be assessed: 4 items for cognitive and 4 items for emotional (dis)advantages of smoking. Adolescents will have to answer using a five-point likert scale.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University Ghent; 🇧🇪 Ghent, Belgium