Mechanisms of Mindfulness for Smoking Cessation

Not Applicable

Completed

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to understand brain mechanisms of app-based mindfulness training in smokers ages 21 to 65 years.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Any usage of psychotropic medication: not on a stable dosage 6+ months
Prior participation in a mindfulness course or regular meditation practice (>20 min/week)
Serious psychiatric, cognitive, or medical disorder
MRI contraindications
Structural brain damage as well as other brain abnormalities revealed by the MRI
Claustrophobia
Not being fluent in English
Recreational drug use
Pregnant women
History of a neurological disorder
Current participation in a smoking study
Adults unable to consent
Prisoners

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Active Comparator App/Training	App/Training	This is a standard smoking cessation smartphone app using the latest evidence-based smoking cessation methods and behavior change theory. Subjects will be encouraged to set a quit date of 3 weeks, to allow comparison to experimental arm quit date.
Experimental App/Training	App/Training	This is a 3-week smartphone-based training program that trains mindfulness for smoking cessation by helping smokers self-monitor their smoking habits, recognize when and how often they smoke, identify triggers for smoking, and learn methods to become more mindful of triggers, to quit smoking with a target quit date of 3 weeks.
Active Comparator App/Training	Smartphone	This is a standard smoking cessation smartphone app using the latest evidence-based smoking cessation methods and behavior change theory. Subjects will be encouraged to set a quit date of 3 weeks, to allow comparison to experimental arm quit date.
Experimental App/Training	Smartphone	This is a 3-week smartphone-based training program that trains mindfulness for smoking cessation by helping smokers self-monitor their smoking habits, recognize when and how often they smoke, identify triggers for smoking, and learn methods to become more mindful of triggers, to quit smoking with a target quit date of 3 weeks.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change From Baseline in Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) Signal	1 month	BOLD signal change will be measured by fMRI and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping

Secondary Outcome Measures