Effect of Varying Proportions of Low and High Energy Dense Foods Over 5 Days in Preschool Children
- Conditions
- Feeding Behavior
- Interventions
- Other: Food proportionality
- Registration Number
- NCT03242863
- Lead Sponsor
- Penn State University
- Brief Summary
In this study, the investigators will vary the proportions of high- and low-energy-dense foods served to preschool children at all meals and snacks during three 5-day periods. In the three experimental conditions, the same foods will be served; only the amounts and proportions of foods will be varied. In the Baseline condition, typical proportions of age-appropriate foods will be served. In the Addition condition, the portion sizes of low-energy-dense foods will be increased, and in the Substitution condition, the portions of low-energy-dense foods will be increased by replacing an equivalent amount of foods higher in energy density. The primary aim is to determine the effect on children's energy intake of varying the proportion of low- and high-energy-dense foods served, either by addition or substitution, over 5 days. It is hypothesized that children will consume less energy when they are served meals in which low-energy-dense foods are substituted for foods higher in energy density over 5 days and that children will consume more energy when served meals to which low-energy-dense foods are added. Additionally, we will test the hypothesis that daily energy intake in the three conditions will begin to converge across the 5-day period.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 57
- Attending one of the designated daycare centers
- Food Allergies
- Food restrictions
- Health Issues that Preclude Participation
- Not available for duration of the study
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Substitution Food proportionality Increased portion of low energy dense foods substituted for equal portion of foods higher in energy density. Control Food proportionality Baseline proportions of high and low energy dense foods. Addition Food proportionality Increased portion of low energy dense foods.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Differences in Food and Beverage Intake by Energy Day 1-5 in weeks 1, 2, and 3 Differences in daily energy consumed of food and beverages, in kilocalories
Differences in Food and Beverage Intake by Weight Day 1-5 in weeks 1, 2, and 3 Differences in daily weight consumed of vegetables and fruit, in grams
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Differences in Food and Beverage Intake by Energy Density Day 1-5 in weeks 1, 2, and 3 Differences in daily energy density consumed of food and beverages, in kilocalories/gram
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Laboratory for the Study of Human Ingestive Behavior
🇺🇸University Park, Pennsylvania, United States