Dysfunction of Adipose Tissue in Obesity, Inflammation and Aging: Mechanisms and Effects of Physical Exercise and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Sponsor
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra
- Enrollment
- 85
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Fat mass reduction
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 5 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity, inflammation and aging: mechanisms and effects of physical exercise and omega-3 fatty acids.
Detailed Description
Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and immune disorders. Obesity also leads to reduced lifespan and accelerated cellular processes similar to those of aging. On the other hand, aging is accompanied by the accumulation of visceral fat and the metabolic complications associated to obesity. Both obesity and aging have been identified as chronic, low-grade inflammation disorders. The inflammation in aging has been considered as a risk factor for the development of most of age-related diseases, and therefore for morbidity and mortality in the elderly. However, the specific mechanisms leading to inflammation in aging remain largely unknown. Resolution of inflammation is an active process which involves production of several series of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators such lipoxins, resolvin, protectins and maresin. The hypothesis of this trial is that the chronic inflammation associated to obesity and aging could be the result of an impaired production of these specialized pro-resolutive lipid mediators, mainly in adipose tissue. On the other hand, the investigators also propose that altered transcriptional pattern might be responsible for the development of the inflammation associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and aging. Therefore the first general aim of the current project will be to characterize the mechanisms involved in the unresolved chronic inflammation that arises during obesity and aging. Because n-3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) serve as substrates for the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and are important transcriptional regulators, the investigators propose that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, alone or in combination with regular physical exercise could promote the resolution of local and systemic inflammation and the subsequent metabolic disorders associated to obesity and aging. A trial in overweight/obese postmenopausal women will be carried out to characterize the potential beneficial effects of regular administration of a DHA-rich dietary supplement and/or a progressive resistance training (PRT) program on weight and fat mass loss, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory markers and gene/miRNA/lipidomic/metabolomic profile in serum and/or adipose tissue. Moreover, changes in gut microbiota will be also addressed.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Post-menopausal women
- •Age between 55 and 70 years
- •Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27.5 and 35 kg/m²
- •Weight unchanged (± 3 kg) for the last 3 months
- •Overall physical and psychological condition that the investigator believes is in accordance with the overall aim of the study
Exclusion Criteria
- •Use of regular prescription medication: specially statins, antidiabetic drugs, menopausal hormone replacement therapy
- •To suffer from any chronic metabolic condition: severe dislipidemia, type 1 or 2 diabetes, hepatic (cirrhosis), renal disease, cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disease, arthritic disease, pulmonary disease and/or other debilitating diseases
- •Food allergies and/or food intolerance expected to come up during the study
- •Following special diets (Atkins, vegetarian, etc.) prior three months the start of the study
- •Eating disorders
- •Surgically treated obesity
- •Alcohol or drug abuse
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Fat mass reduction
Time Frame: Week 16 (end of intervention)
Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions, analyzed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA).
Secondary Outcomes
- Evolution of fat mass reduction(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Midcalf circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Evolution of body composition(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Neck circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Abdomen circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Hip circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Waist circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Arm circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Midthigh circumference(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Thigh skinfold(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Blood pressure(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Adipose tissue gene profiling(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Adipose tissue miRNA profiling(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Determination of telomeres length(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Characterization of gut microbiota(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Weight loss(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Medial calf skinfold(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Lipid metabolism biomarkers(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Thyroid function (body metabolism)(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Bioactive lipid mediators involved in inflammation in adipose tissue(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Urine metabolomic profile(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Serum insulin(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Cardiovascular risk biomarkers(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Plasma adipokines and myo-kines(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Plasma lipids and bioactive lipid mediators(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Triceps skinfold(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Ketone bodies(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Inflammation biomarkers(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Satiety and eating behavior traits(Week 16 (end of intervention))
- Serum glucose(Week 16 (end of intervention))