AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF IV NALBUPHINE IN PREVENTING STRESS RESPONSE OF LARYNGOSCOPY AND TRACHEAL INTUBATION IN COMPARISON TO IV LIGNOCAINE.

This observational study, conducted at Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, aims to compare the efficacy of intravenous nalbuphine (0.2 mg/kg) versus lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) in preventing the stress response—such as tachycardia and hypertension—associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. With a sample size of 54 ASA grade I–III patients aged 18–65 years, the study investigates not only the primary outcome of hemodynamic stability during and after intubation but also the secondary outcomes, including nalbuphine’s potential to reduce propofol requirements. Participants are randomized into two groups, and standard anaesthetic protocols are followed, with vital signs monitored for 10 minutes post-intubation. Literature review suggests that while nalbuphine is effective in attenuating the pressor response with fewer side effects and better cardiovascular stability, fentanyl may be more potent in some cases. Lignocaine has also been shown to blunt reflexes but with less consistent hemodynamic control. The study is ethically approved, involves no additional patient cost, and maintains strict confidentiality. Findings are expected to contribute to optimizing anaesthetic protocols, guiding drug selection, and improving patient outcomes through better stress response management during airway manipulation.