A Phase II Study In Pregnant Women to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Unadjuvanted Novartis H1N1 Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Administered at Two Dose Levels
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Influenza
- Sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- Enrollment
- 84
- Locations
- 6
- Primary Endpoint
- Number of Participants Reporting Maternal Complications of Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 12 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in pregnant women and to determine how their body reacts to different strengths of the vaccine. Two strengths of the H1N1 influenza vaccine will be tested. Since it is not known if the response to the vaccine in pregnant women is the same or different than in non-pregnant women, the study also includes a group of women who are not pregnant for comparison. Participants include 200 pregnant women and 100 non-pregnant women ages 18-39. Study procedures include physical exams, several blood samples and maintaining a memory aid to document daily temperature and side effects for 8 days following vaccination. Participants will be involved in study related procedures for about 6 months.
Detailed Description
Recently, a novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus was identified as a significant cause of febrile respiratory illnesses in Mexico and the United States. It rapidly spread to many countries around the world, prompting the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic on June 11, 2009. Pregnant women are at an increased risk for serious consequences of influenza infection. A 15 microgram (mcg) dose of unadjuvanted inactivated H1N1 vaccine is recommended for healthy adults and recent preliminary data indicates this dose is likely to be protective for pregnant women. However, a higher dose of an unadjuvanted, inactivated influenza H1N1 vaccine may be necessary to confer optimal protection to this at risk population. This protocol will explore the antibody response following vaccination of pregnant women at 2 different dose levels (15 mcg and 30 mcg) and a non-pregnant control group receiving a 15 mcg dose. Antibody responses will be assessed at 21 days and 180 days post vaccination. For pregnant women, maternal and cord blood will be collected to determine the level of H1N1 antibodies transferred to the baby. An optimal immune response in pregnant women would impact transplacental transport of protective antibodies which is important since vaccines are not available for infants younger than six months, another at risk population for severe H1N1 disease. Sustained immunity for at least 6 months post-vaccination would impart benefit not only to the woman herself but also decrease a primary exposure risk (infected mother) for the newborn infant. Furthermore, a systematic evaluation of the kinetics of maternally transferred antibodies to 2009 H1N1 influenza virus will help improve and develop strategies to protect infants from influenza. This is an open label, Phase II study in pregnant and non-pregnant women, aged 18-39 years old designed to investigate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an inactivated influenza H1N1 virus vaccine. Pregnant women will be randomized into 2 groups (100 per dose group) to receive intramuscular (IM) inactivated influenza H1N1 vaccine at 15 mcg (Group 1) or 30 mcg (Group 2). A non-pregnant control group of 100 subjects will receive IM inactivated influenza H1N1 vaccine at 15 mcg (Group 3). Following immunization, safety will be measured by assessment of adverse events (AEs) through 21 days post vaccination (serious AEs and new-onset chronic medical conditions monthly through 6 months post vaccination (Day 180). Reactogenicity to the vaccine will be assessed for 8 days following vaccination (Day 0-7). Immunogenicity testing will include hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) and neutralizing antibody testing on serum obtained on Days 0, 21, and 180. For the pregnant groups, HAI antibody testing will also be performed on serum from the participant at delivery, on serum from cord blood collected at delivery and, when possible, on serum samples collected from the participant at day 180 and from the infant at 6 weeks, four months, or six months after delivery. The primary safety objective is to assess the safety of unadjuvanted, inactivated H1N1 influenza vaccine in pregnant women when administered at the 15 mcg or 30 mcg dose. The primary immunogenicity objective is to assess the antibody response to unadjuvanted, inactivated H1N1 influenza vaccine in pregnant women when administered at the 15 mcg or 30 mcg dose. The secondary objective for pregnant women is to assess the efficiency of placental transport of maternal influenza antigen specific antibodies to the neonate.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Pregnant women:
- •Pregnant female between the ages of 18 and 39 years, inclusive.
- •Is from 14 weeks/0 days through 33 weeks/6 days of gestation.
- •Had at least one prenatal visit during which pregnancy was confirmed.
- •Is in good health, as determined by vital signs (heart rate less than or equal to 100 beats per minute; blood pressure: systolic less than or equal to 140 mm Hg; diastolic less than or equal to 90 mm Hg; oral temperature less than or equal to 100 degrees Fahrenheit), medical history to ensure any existing medical diagnoses or conditions are stable and not considered clinically significant, and targeted physical examination based on medical history.
- •Receipt of the 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine no less than two weeks prior to enrollment in this study.
- •Intend to be available through 6 months following receipt of H1N1 vaccine.
- •Able to understand and comply with planned study procedures.
- •Provides written informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures.
- •Agrees to sign medical release for herself and her infant(s) to allow study staff to gather pregnancy outcome data, if needed per clinical site policy.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Pregnant women:
- •Has a known allergy or hypersensitivity to eggs or other components in the vaccines (these may include, but are not limited to: polymyxin and neomycin).
- •Has a history of severe reactions following previous immunization with influenza virus vaccines.
- •Has participated in a novel influenza H1N1 2009 vaccine study in the past 2 years, has received a H1N1 2009 vaccine or has history of novel influenza H1N1 2009 infection evaluated by a healthcare professional prior to enrollment.
- •Has received any other live licensed vaccines within 4 weeks or inactivated licensed vaccines within 2 weeks prior to vaccination in this study or plan receipt of such vaccines within 21 days following vaccination. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine and human papillomavirus vaccine are permitted post-partum.
- •Has received an experimental/investigational agent (vaccine, drug, biologic, device, blood product, or medication) within 1 month prior to vaccination in this study, or expects to receive another experimental/investigational agent during the study period (prior to 180 days post vaccination).
- •Has an acute illness and/or an oral temperature \>/= 100.0 F, within 72 hours of vaccination (This may result in a temporary delay of vaccination).
- •Has immunosuppression as a result of an underlying illness or treatment, or use of anti-cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the preceding 36 months.
- •Has an active neoplastic disease (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), a history of any hematologic malignancy, current bleeding disorder, or taking anticoagulants.
- •Long term use of glucocorticoids, including oral or parenteral, or high-dose inhaled steroids (\>800 micrograms/day of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent) within the preceding 6 months (nasal and topical steroids are allowed) or has received betamethasone or dexamethasone to accelerate fetal lung maturity.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Number of Participants Reporting Maternal Complications of Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery
Time Frame: At time of delivery
Participants were contacted after delivery, and medical records reviewed, to collect complications experienced during pregnancy, labor and delivery. The data collection process followed a prospectively-defined list of complications reported for this outcome measure, some of which may have also been reported as serious adverse events if otherwise meeting those requirements.
Number of Births With Neonatal Complications
Time Frame: At time of delivery
Participants were contacted after delivery, and medical records reviewed, to collect neonatal complications. The data collection process followed a prospectively-defined list of complications reported for this outcome measure, some of which may have also been reported as serious adverse events if otherwise meeting those requirements.
Number of Participants Reporting Vaccine-associated Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Time Frame: Day 0 through Day 180 after vaccination
Serious adverse events included any untoward medical occurrence that resulted in death of the mother, fetus or infant; was life threatening to mother, fetus or infant; was a persistent/significant disability/incapacity; required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation thereof; was a congenital anomaly/birth defect in fetus or infant; or may have jeopardized the mother, fetus or infant, or required intervention to prevent one of the outcomes, or was described as Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Association was determined by a clinician licensed to diagnose and listed on the site's FDA Form 1572.
Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Subjective Local Reactions After Vaccination
Time Frame: Within 8 days post vaccination (Day 0-7)
Participants maintained a memory aid to record daily the occurrence of local reactions of pain, tenderness and swelling for 8 days after vaccination (Day 0-7) based on their interference with daily activities. Participants are counted if they were reported as experiencing the symptom at any severity on any of the 8 days.
Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Quantitative Local Reactions After Vaccination
Time Frame: Within 8 days post vaccination (Day 0-7)
Participants maintained a memory aid to record daily the occurrence of local reactions of redness and swelling for 8 days after vaccination (Day 0-7). If the reaction was present, the maximum diameter was measured in millimeters (mm). Participants are counted if they reported experiencing the reaction with any measurement greater than 0 mm on any of the 8 days.
Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Subjective Systemic Reactions After Vaccination
Time Frame: Within 8 days post vaccination (Day 0-7)
Participants maintained a memory aid to record daily the occurrence of systemic symptoms of feverishness, malaise, myalgia, headache, and nausea for 8 days after vaccination (Day 0-7) based on their interference with daily activities. Participants are counted if they reported experiencing the symptom at any severity on any of the 8 days.
Number of Participants With 4-fold or Greater Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) Antibody Titer Increases Against Influenza H1N1 2009 Virus Following a Single Dose of H1N1 Vaccine
Time Frame: Day 0 prior to and Day 21 after the first vaccination
Blood was collected from all participants prior to vaccination as well as 21 days after vaccination for testing in the HAI assay with Influenza H1N1 2009 virus as the assay antigen. A participant met the threshold of a 4-fold rise in titer if the Day 0 titer was less than 1:10 (the assay's lowest level of detection) and the Day 21 post vaccination titer was 1:40 or greater, or the Day 0 titer was greater than or equal to 1:10 and the Day 21 post vaccination titer was an increase by 4-fold or more.
Number of Participants With a Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) Antibody Titer of 1:40 or Greater Against Influenza H1N1 2009 Virus Following a Single Dose of H1N1 Vaccine
Time Frame: Day 0 prior to and Day 21 following vaccination
Blood was collected from all participants prior to and at Day 21 post vaccination for testing in the HAI assay with Influenza H1N1 2009 virus as the assay antigen. Each sample was tested at least twice according to standard operating procedures and the result of each replicate reported. A participant is counted if the geometric mean of the replicate values was 1:40 or greater.
Number of Participants Reporting Fever After Vaccination
Time Frame: Within 8 days (Day 0-7) post vaccination
Participants were provided with a thermometer and a memory aid on which to record daily oral temperatures for 8 days after vaccination (Day 0-7). The protocol defined fever as oral temperature of 37.8 degrees Celsius or higher. Participants are counted as experiencing fever if they reported oral temperatures of 37.8 degrees Celsius or higher on any of the 8 days.
Secondary Outcomes
- Number of Participants With a Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay (HAI) Antibody Titer Greater Than or Equal to 40 Against the Novel Influenza H1N1 2009 Virus in the Maternal Blood at the Time of Delivery(At time of delivery)
- Number of Participants With a Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay (HAI) Antibody Titer Greater Than or Equal to 40 Against the Novel Influenza H1N1 2009 Virus in Cord Blood(At time of delivery)