Effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on Dental Plaque and Gingival Health of Children With Autism
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 37
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Plaque index score
研究概览
简要总结
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a communication system for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a PECS-based tooth-brushing program on gingival health in children with ASD and assess parents' perception of PECS. This was a prospective interventional study. Using PECS as a pictures/cards series showing a structured tooth-brushing method, 37 children with ASD (31 males, 6 females) (average age 9.49±4.10, 4-16 years) and their parents/caregivers were trained on tooth-brushing twice, two weeks apart. Data collected after examinations (baseline, 3, 6-months) included gingival and plaque indices (GI, PI) and two questionnaires (baseline, 6-months) for demographic data and parents' perception of PECS including: difficulty rating (easy, hard, very hard) and PECS usefulness.
详细描述
The need for improved oral hygiene routines in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been documented in many reports. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), which is a series of pictures that show a structured method and technique for teeth brushing, was chosen for this study since it is a proven communication system for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a PECS-based tooth-brushing program on gingival health in children with ASD and assess parents' perception of PECS.
This was a prospective interventional study. Using PECS as a pictures/cards series showing a structured tooth-brushing method, 37 children with ASD (31 males, 6 females) (average age 9.49±4.10, 4-16 years) and their parents/caregivers were trained on tooth-brushing twice, two weeks apart. The pictures were placed in the bathroom, at home and/or at the autism center. Data collected after examinations (baseline, 3, 6-months) included gingival and plaque indices (GI, PI) and two questionnaires (baseline, 6-months) for demographic data and parents' perception of PECS including: difficulty rating (easy, hard, very hard) and whether they found PECS useful in teaching their children how to brush their teeth (yes or no).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 4 Years 至 18 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Children diagnosed with ASD.
- •Age between 4 and 18 years old.
排除标准
- •Children unable to cooperate for data collection (poor behavior during dental examination).
研究组 & 干预措施
Study subjects
Children with ASD and their parents/caregivers were trained on tooth-brushing twice, two weeks apart using Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) PECS as a pictures/cards series showing a structured tooth-brushing method.
干预措施: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Plaque index score
时间窗: 6 months
This score indicates the level of plaque (and reflects level of oral hygiene) upon examination of teeth, reported as the average score, calculated as (total score for all teeth/number of examined teeth): Score 0 (No plaque), Score 1 (Plaque not visible by eye, only detectable using a dental probe), Score 2 (Plaque visible by eye \& detectable with a dental probe along the gingival margin of the tooth), Score 4 (Thick layer of plaque visible by eye \& detectable by probe covering more than the gingival margin of the tooth). A lower score indicates less plaque (meaning better oral hygiene) and vice versa.
Gingival index score
时间窗: 6 months
This score indicates the level of gingival inflammation upon examination of teeth, reported as the average score calculated as (total score for all teeth/number of examined teeth): Score 0 (Absence of inflammation), Score 1 (Mild inflammation: slight change in colour (more red) and little change in texture (loss of stippling), No bleeding on probing), Score 2 (Moderate inflammation: moderate glazing, redness, edema and hypertrophy; bleeding on probing), Score 3 (Severe inflammation: marked redness and edema; tendency to spontaneous bleeding; ulceration). A lower score indicates less gingival inflammation (better gingival health) and vice versa.
次要结局
- Parents' rating of PECS difficulty(6 months)
- PECS usefulness(6 months)