Neural Autoantibody Prevalence in Patients With New-onset Focal Seizures of Unknown Etiology and a Predictive Scoring Scale
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Epilepsy
- Sponsor
- Shen Chun-Hong
- Enrollment
- 300
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Neuronal surface antibodies-mediated autoimmune- encephalitis
- Status
- Recruiting
- Last Updated
- 8 months ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Seizure is one of the most common symptoms in autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface-mediated antibodies. Interestingly, some patients may exhibit new-onset seizures as the initial manifestation without fulminant sign of encephalitis, particularly in the early stage.
It is essential to recognize these patients early and to perform antibody testing, as studies have reported early immunotherapy can improve their clinical outcomes. At the same time, it is important to limit the number of patients who require testing, for the sake of specificity and cost effectiveness. Thus, this prospective, multicenter study aims to identify neural antibodies in patients with focal seizures of unknown etiology, and to create a score to preselect patients requiring autoantibody testing.
Detailed Description
1. Focal epileptic seizure or epilepsy is defined according to seizure semiology, electroencephalography findings and/or other relevant information. If applicable, 24 hour video-electroencephalography is performed. 2. Clinical information is documented by specially-assigned persons, including patient demographics, age at onset, disease duration, seizure semiology, seizure frequency, clinical manifestations, underlying malignancy, hyponatremia, brain MRI, medications and other diseases. 3. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at baseline were assessed and recorded. 4. Previous scoring scales, such as antibody prevalence in epilepsy and encephalopathy (APE2) score, antibodies contributing to focal epilepsy signs symptoms (ACES) score and the "Obvious" Indications for Neural Antibody Testing in Epilepsy or Seizures (ONES) checklist are evaluated at baseline. 5. Commercial cell-based assay (CBA; EUROIMMUN, Lübeck, Germany) was used to detect serum anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR), anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (anti-AMPAR), anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (anti-GABABR), anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1), anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (anti-CASPR2), and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (anti-GAD65), anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX), anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and anti-immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5 (IgLON5) antibodies. If serum neural autoantibodies are detected, cerebrospinal fluid should be tested.
Investigators
Shen Chun-Hong
Associate Senior Doctor
Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Patients have a diagnosis of new-onset focal epileptic seizure or epilepsy and present with their first seizure within the previous 12 months
- •Patients are prospectively recruited from the routine practice of epileptologists in epilepsy centers and epilepsy clinics
- •There is no obvious suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis
- •Written informed consent and sera are obtained
- •Cerebrospinal fluid test must be conducted, when patients have detectable serum autoantibodies
Exclusion Criteria
- •Patients have other etiology of seizures, such as structure, infection, genetics and metabolism.
- •Written informed consent are not obtained
- •Loss of follow-up
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Neuronal surface antibodies-mediated autoimmune- encephalitis
Time Frame: at baseline
diagnosed according to the 2016 diagnostic criteria
Detectable serum neural autoantibodies
Time Frame: at baseline
such as NMDAR、AMPAR1、AMPAR2、LGI1、lg LON5、DPPX、GAD65、mGluR5、MOG
Secondary Outcomes
- Clinical severity and recovery(through study completion, an average of 1 year)
- The proportion of seizure freedom(through study completion, an average of 1 year)
- The proportion of drug-resistent epilepsy(through study completion, an average of 1 year)