Macronutrients and Satiety in Older and Younger Adults

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Gastric Emptying; Appetitive Behavior
• Interventions: Other: Smoothie

• Registration Number: NCT04623450
• Lead Sponsor: University of Reading

Brief Summary

This study aims to compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake, perceived appetite and gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older (\> 65 years) people living in the United Kingdom (UK).

Detailed Description

To assess if increasing protein intake in older adults will have a compensatory decrease in energy intake due to protein's satiating effects.

To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake and perceived appetite in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).

To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2019-05-05
• Study First Submitted: 2020-10-28
• Status Verified: 2020-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-11-09
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-11-09
• Study First Posted: 2020-11-10
• Last Update Posted: 2020-11-12
• Primary Completion: 2021-06-07
• Study Completion: 2021-09-09

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

• either aged >65 years or <40 years
• healthy

Exclusion Criteria

• having a disease and/or using a medication that can impact on appetite in the past three months;
• having an allergy to any of the test foods;
• disliking or cannot eat any of the test foods;
• being pregnant or breastfeeding;
• being obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2);
• being on a weight loss diet;
• smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
High Protein Meal	Smoothie	A smoothie including whey protein and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 307 kcal, 13.6g carbohydrate, 57g protein, 2.7g fat.
High Fat Meal	Smoothie	A smoothie including double cream and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 312 kcal, 13.3g carbohydrate, 7g protein, 25.5g fat.
High Carbohydrate Meal	Smoothie	A smoothie including maltodextrin and low-fat strawberry yoghurt - 289 kcal, 61g carbohydrate, 6.7g protein, 1.9g fat.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Ad-libitum meal consumption	3 days in total	Consumption of the ad-libitum meal is measured (g). Participants are instructed to eat until they feel comfortable full and are given 20 min to consume the meal.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Ratings of appetite	3 days in total	Appetite are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100).
Gastric Emptying	3 days in total	Gastric emptying is measured using of 13C octanoic acid breath test
Ratings of palatability	3 days in total	Palatability ratings are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100).

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Reading; 🇬🇧 Reading, United Kingdom