Trans-Esophageal Echocardiographic Assessment Of Tip Position Of Right Internal Jugular Venous Catheter Inserted Using Peres Height Formula In Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

This is an observational study conducted at a single center in India, involving a sample size of 91 patients. Participants will be adults aged 18 to 70 years, of either gender, classified as ASA physical status 2-3, and scheduled for elective cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. All patients will undergo intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) monitoring and require insertion of a right internal jugular vein (IJV) central venous catheter. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the position of the right IJV catheter tip by measuring the linear distance between the catheter tip (inserted using Peres height-based formula) and the superior vena cava–right atrium (SVC-RA) junction, as visualized on the bi-caval view in TEE. The secondary objective is to assess the correlation between the optimal depth of catheter insertion (defined as the difference between the catheter depth based on Peres formula and the measured distance from the catheter tip to the SVC-RA junction) and the patient’s height, weight, gender, and vertical distance from the catheter insertion site to the sternal angle.