The Effects of Smartphone Usage on Musculoskeletal Disorders

Not Applicable

• Conditions: eck pain; Neck pain; Smartphone users

• Registration Number: TCTR20180114001
• Lead Sponsor: Research Center in Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH)

Brief Summary

Not available

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2018-01-14
• Study Completion: 2018-12-01
• Last Update Posted: 19 August 2024

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: Pending (Not yet recruiting)
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 44

Inclusion Criteria

1) Case group (with neck MSDs)
1.1)Young adult aged between 18-25 years (Gustafsson et al., 2011)
1.2)Own their iPhone 5 smartphone
1.3)At least six month’s experience in using smartphones (Xie et al., 2016)
1.4)Daily use of their smartphone at least 2 hours per day (Xie et al., 2016)
1.5)Have experienced cervical symptom (neck pain on posterior neck or shoulder, which is the area from superior nuchal line to spinous process of 1st thoracic vertebrae, with mechanical characteristics consisting of the symptoms provoked by sustained prolonged neck posture, neck movement or palpation of cervical musculature (Martı´nez-Segura et al., 2006)) during smartphone use (neck musculoskeletal disorders associated with usage of smartphone) more than 3 months in the past of year (Xie et al., 2016)
1.6) Have pain level at rest at least mild level (from 3 score or greater) measured by Visual Analog Scale (Jensen et al., 2003).

2) Control group (without neck MSDs)
2.1)Young adult aged between 18-25 years (Gustafsson et al., 2011)
2.2)Own their iPhone 5 smartphone
2.3)At least six month’s experience in using smartphones (Xie et al., 2016)
2.4)Daily use of their smartphone at least 2 hours per day (Xie et al., 2016)
2.5)Have no experienced cervical symptom (neck pain on posterior neck or shoulder, which is the area from superior nuchal line to spinous process of 1st thoracic vertebrae, with mechanical characteristics consisting of the symptoms provoked by sustained prolonged neck posture, neck movement or palpation of cervical musculature (Martı´nez-Segura et al., 2006)) during smartphone use (neck musculoskeletal disorders associated with usage of smartphone) more than 3 months in the past of year (Xie et al., 2016)
2.6) Have no pain level at rest at least mild level (from 3 score or greater) measured by Visual Analog Scale (Jensen et al., 2003).

Exclusion Criteria

1)Any history of traumatic injuries or surgical interventions of relevant regions within the past year (Kim GY et al., 2012; Kim MS., 2015; Xie et al., 2016) such as whiplash injury
2)Other medical condition which may have a negative effect on the spine and upper extremities such as deformity (Kim GY et al., 2012; Xie et al., 2016)
3)Chronic diseases affecting musculoskeletal system such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and other connective tissue disorders (such as fibromylgia) (Kim MS., 2015; Xie et al., 2016)
4)Neurological (Kim GY et al., 2012) and orthopedic disorders (Lee JH et al., 2014) as well as sensory deficit (Xie et al., 2016)
5)Had visual problems (which cannot be corrected by glasses), dizziness and vertigo (Kim GY et al., 2012)
6)Had taken any sedative drug or alcohol within the past 48 hours (Kim GY et al., 2012)
All of criteria will be screened mainly from medical history of participants prior to the start of the study.

Study & Design

• Study Type: Observational
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The activation of cervical muscles during task sEMG

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pain scale before and after task The Visual Analogue Scale,The level of ergonomic risk during task The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool,Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders before task Questionnaire