A Physical Dependence Study in Schizophrenia

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Interventions: Drug: LY2140023
Drug: Placebo

Registration Number: NCT01452919

Lead Sponsor: Denovo Biopharma LLC

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not people with schizophrenia who take LY2140023 become physically dependent on it, and experience a series of symptoms such as craving to have the drug when they stop using it.

This trial consists of two phases: An open-label phase consisting of up to 4 weeks and a double-blind phase consisting of up to 3 weeks.

Detailed Description: This was a short-term, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study comparing LY2140023 with placebo in the treatment of outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR \[APA 2000\]) schizophrenia. Patients were male or female outpatients, 18 to 65 years of age (inclusive) at study entry, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as defined in the DSM-IV-TR

The primary objective of this study was to assess whether LY2140023, when administered in an acute-treatment trial with flexible doses (40 mg or 80 mg) BID, was associated with physical dependence, as measured by the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms during a randomized withdrawal phase in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Assessment was to be based on a comparison of randomized LY2140023-treated patients with those on placebo, as measured by the maximum of the 3-day moving average of the patient's total score on the Discontinuation Symptom Checklist-Modified Rickels (DSCMR).

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 123

Inclusion Criteria

Clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia
Female participants of childbearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at study entry and agree to use a single, effective, medically acceptable method of birth control
Participants must require a modification of antipsychotic medication or the initiation of antipsychotic medication, as indicated by their present clinical psychiatric status and/or treatment tolerability as outpatients
Participants must be considered reliable and have a level of understanding sufficient to perform all tests and examinations required, and be willing to perform all study procedures
Participants must be able to understand the nature of the study and have given their own informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

Have a Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) score >4 at study entry
Have any other psychiatric diagnoses in addition to schizophrenia
Participants who have a history of inadequate clinical response to antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia
Participants who have received an adequate treatment trial, in the opinion of the investigator, with clozapine at doses >200 mg daily within 12 months prior to study entry, or who have received any clozapine at all during the month before study entry
Participants who are actively suicidal
Female participants who are pregnant, nursing, or who intend to become pregnant within 30 days of completing the study
Have known, uncorrected, narrow-angle glaucoma
Participants who have had electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) within 3 months of study entry or who will have ECT at any time during the study
Participants with known medical history of human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) status
Participants who test positive for Hepatitis C virus antibody or Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with or without positive Hepatitis B core total antibody
Participants with current or a history of seizure disorder, uncontrolled diabetes, certain diseases of the liver, renal insufficiency, uncontrolled thyroid condition or other serious or unstable illnesses
Participants with a corrected QT interval (Bazett's; QTcB) >450 milliseconds (msec) (male) or >470 msec (female) at study entry (based on the central vendor's electrocardiogram [ECG] overread)
Have previously completed or withdrawn from this study, or any other study investigating LY2140023 or any predecessor molecules with glutamatergic activity
Are currently enrolled in, or discontinued within the last 60 days from, a clinical trial involving an investigational product for unapproved use of a drug or device, or concurrently enrolled in any other type of medical research judged not to be scientifically or medically compatible with this study

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
LY2140023/Placebo	LY2140023	Open label phase: 40 mg LY2140023 administered orally; given twice daily for up to 4 weeks. At the discretion of the investigator, dose may be adjusted one time to 80 mg. 80 mg dose may be adjusted back to 40 mg one time. Double blind phase: placebo administered orally; given twice daily for up to 3 weeks.
LY2140023/LY2140023	LY2140023	Open label phase: 40 milligram (mg) LY2140023 administered orally; given twice daily for up to 4 weeks. At the discretion of the investigator, dose may be adjusted one time to 80 mg. 80 mg dose may be adjusted back to 40 mg one time. Current dose level at randomization will remain constant through the double blind phase. Double blind phase: 40 mg or 80 mg LY2140023 administered orally; given twice daily for up to 3 weeks.
LY2140023/Placebo	Placebo	Open label phase: 40 mg LY2140023 administered orally; given twice daily for up to 4 weeks. At the discretion of the investigator, dose may be adjusted one time to 80 mg. 80 mg dose may be adjusted back to 40 mg one time. Double blind phase: placebo administered orally; given twice daily for up to 3 weeks.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Maximum 3-Day Moving Average (MA) of the Discontinuation Symptom Checklist-Modified Rickels Total Score	Randomization up to Week 2 of randomization treatment	The checklist is a 30-item, participant-rated scale that asks whether participants experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, anxiety, irritability, or craving for study drug during the previous day to assess potential symptoms of drug withdrawal. Each item is rated on a 0 (not at all) to 3 (severe). Total scores range from 0-90. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. The 3-day MA was calculated starting the third day until the last day of double-blind, randomized period. The 3-day MA was the average of scores from that day and previous 2 days. If scores from any of the days during the 3-day was missing, the average was based on the non-missing days. If there was no total scores for any day of the 3-day, the average was considered to be missing. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline total score, treatment, pooled investigative site and gender.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change From Randomization up to Week 2 in the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar) Total Score	Randomization, randomization treatment Weeks 0.5 and 1 and 1.5 and 2	The CIWA-Ar is a 10-item scale that was used to monitor for symptoms of drug withdrawal. The scale includes the following domains/criteria: nausea, vomiting; anxiety; paroxysmal sweats; tactile disturbances; visual disturbances; tremors; agitation; orientation and clouding of sensorium; auditory disturbances; and headache. Items 1-9 have possible scores of 0 (no symptom)-7 (severe symptom), and item 10 has possible scores of 0 (no symptom)-4 (severe symptom). Total scores range from 0-67. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptom. The Mixed Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline CIWA-Ar total score, treatment, gender, pooled investigative site, visit, baseline CIWA-Ar total score\visit and treatment\visit.
Change From Randomization to Week 2 in Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) Global Score	Randomization, randomization treatment Week 2	The BAS is a 4-item instrument that evaluates akathisia associated with use of antipsychotic medications. Item 4 is the Global Clinical Assessment (Global Score) and is rated 0 to 5 (0 = absent, 5 = severe). The Mixed Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline BAS global score, treatment, gender, pooled investigative site, visit, baseline BAS global score\visit and treatment\visit.
Change From Randomization to Week 2 in Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) Total Score	Randomization, randomization treatment Week 2	The SAS is used to measure parkinsonian-type symptoms in participants exposed to antipsychotics. SAS consists of 10 items; each rated on a 5-point scale, with 0 meaning complete absence of the condition and 4 meaning the presence of the condition in extreme form. The total score is obtained by adding the ten items, and ranges from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater severity of illness. The Mixed Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline SAS total score, treatment, gender, pooled investigative site, visit, baseline SAS total score\visit and treatment\visit.
Change From Randomization to Week 2 in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) Total Score	Randomization, randomization treatment Week 2	The AIMS is a 12-item scale designed to record the occurrence of dyskinetic movements. Items 1 to 10 are rated on a 5- point scale, with 0 being no dyskinetic movements and 4 being severe dyskinetic movements. Items 11 and 12 are yes/no questions regarding the dental condition of a subject. The AIMS 1-7 total score is the total of items 1 through 7 of the AIMS, and ranges from 0 to 28. Higher scores indicate greater severity of illness. The Mixed Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline AIMS 1-7 total score, treatment, gender, pooled investigative site, visit, baseline AIMS 1-7 total score\visit and treatment\visit.
Percentage of Participants With Suicidal Behaviors and Ideations Measured Using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) During Open-Label Treatment Period	Baseline up to Week 4 of open-label treatment	Columbia Suicide Rating Scale (C-SSRS) captures occurrence, severity, and frequency of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Suicidal ideation: a "yes" answer to any one of 5 suicidal ideation questions: wish to be dead, and 4 different categories of active suicidal ideation. Suicidal behavior: a "yes" answer to any of 5 suicidal behavior questions: preparatory acts or behavior, aborted attempt, interrupted attempt, actual attempt, and completed suicide. The percentage of participants with treatment-emergent suicidal ideation or behavior during open-label treatment period (with a change from baseline in C-SSRS) was calculated as the number of participants with an increase in suicidal behavior or ideation over baseline (before open-label treatment), divided by the total number of participants multiplied by 100.
Percentage of Participants With Suicidal Behaviors and Ideations Measured Using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) During Double-Blind Randomized Treatment Period	Randomization up to Week 2 of randomization treatment	Columbia Suicide Rating Scale (C-SSRS) captures occurrence, severity, and frequency of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Suicidal ideation: a "yes" answer to any one of 5 suicidal ideation questions: wish to be dead, and 4 different categories of active suicidal ideation. Suicidal behavior: a "yes" answer to any of 5 suicidal behavior questions: preparatory acts or behavior, aborted attempt, interrupted attempt, actual attempt, and completed suicide. The percentage of participants with treatment-emergent suicidal ideation or behavior during double-blind randomized treatment period (with a change from baseline in C-SSRS) was calculated as the number of participants with an increase in suicidal behavior or ideation over baseline (randomization), divided by the total number of participants multiplied by 100.
Change From Randomization to Week 2 in Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S)	Randomization, randomization treatment Week 2	The CGI-S instrument is used to record the severity of mental illness at the time of assessment. The score ranges from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill). Higher scores indicate greater severity of illness. The Mixed Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline CGI-S score, treatment, gender, pooled investigative site, visit, baseline CGI-S score\visit and treatment\visit.
Change From Randomization to Week 2 in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Total Scores	Randomization, randomization treatment Week 2	BPRS is an 18-item clinician-administered scale used to assess the degree of severity of a participant's general psychopathological symptoms. Item scores range from 1 (not present) to 7 (extremely severe). Total Scores range from 18 to 126. Higher scores indicate greater severity of illness. The Mixed Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) mean and standard error. LS mean values are controlled for baseline BPRS total score, treatment, gender, pooled investigative site, visit, baseline BPRS total score\visit and treatment\visit.

Trial Locations

Locations (1): For additional information regarding investigative sites for this trial, contact 1-877-CTLILLY (1-877-285-4559, 1-317-615-4559) Mon - Fri from 9 AM to 5 PM Eastern Time (UTC/GMT - 5 hours, EST), or speak with your personal physician.
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Tripoli, Greece