Effects and Comparison of Eccentric Cycling Trainings Versus Concentric Cycling Training on Muscular and Functional Capacities in Sedentary People
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 45
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Weight
研究概览
简要总结
The present study aims to compare the acute and training responses of (1) eccentric high intensity interval training (EI), (2)work-matched continuous eccentric training (EC), and (3) concentric high intensity interval training (CI), all performed on cycle ergometers. The variables of interest include ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), cognitive demand (Fat), heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), maximal aerobic power (MAP), and various functional and health-related parameters.
It is hypothesized that eccentric interval training will produce comparable or superior improvements in functional outcomes relative to concentric interval training, but at a lower metabolic and perceptual cost. Furthermore, eccentric interval training is expected to yield greater physiological benefits than continuous eccentric training for a similar perceived and metabolic load.
Forty-three sedentary healthy adults (23 men and 20 women) were recruited for this study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly (stratified randomization) allocated into one of three training groups.
Participants attended the laboratory on 28 occasions over a 14-week period, with two sessions per week.
Participants in the EI and EC groups trained using an eccentric ergometer, while the CI group trained on a concentric ergometer. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted during weeks 1 and 14, respectively. These included a maximal incremental cycling test to determine VO₂ peak and concentric MAP, followed by six functional performance assessments.
详细描述
The present study aims to compare the acute and training responses of (1) eccentric HIIT, (2)work-matched continuous eccentric training, and (3) concentric HIIT, all performed on cycle ergometers. The variables of interest include ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), cognitive demand (Fat), heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), maximal aerobic power (MAP), and various functional and health-related parameters.
It is hypothesized that eccentric HIIT will produce comparable or superior improvements in functional outcomes relative to concentric HIIT, but at a lower metabolic and perceptual cost. Furthermore, eccentric HIIT is expected to yield greater physiological benefits than continuous eccentric training for a similar perceived and metabolic load.
Forty-three healthy adults (23 men and 20 women) were recruited for this study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly (stratified randomization) allocated into one of three training groups:
- Eccentric Interval Group (EI): n = 15 (8 men, 7 women); age = 62.6 ± 3.9 years old (yo)
- Eccentric Continuous Group (EC): n = 15 (8 men, 7 women); age = 61.6 ± 6.3 yo
- Concentric Interval Group (CI): n = 13 (7 men, 6 women); age = 60.5 ± 5.1 yo All participants were unaccustomed to eccentric cycling and engaged in no more than 2 hours of recreational physical activity per week. Individuals with recent lower limb injuries or chronic medical conditions were excluded. Prior to participation, all individuals were fully informed of the study procedures, potential risks, and provided written informed consent. The study protocol received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Liège (Ref. 2023/72), and all procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki.
Participants in the EI and EC groups trained using an eccentric ergometer, while the CI group trained on a concentric ergometer. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted during weeks 1 and 14, respectively. These included a maximal incremental cycling test to determine VO₂peak and concentric MAP (cMAP), followed by six functional performance assessments.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 55 Years 至 75 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Sedentary people (less than 3 hours of physical activity a week)
- •No smoker
排除标准
- •Pain or injury in the 6 previous months in the lower limbes
- •Presenting an uncontrolled chronic condition
- •Presenting cardiovascular issues
研究组 & 干预措施
Eccentric Interval
Participants in this arm had to follow a high intensity interval training using an eccentric ergocycle
干预措施: High intensity eccentric cycling training (Other)
Eccentric continuous
Participants in this arm had to follow a moderate intensity continuous training using an eccentric ergocycle
干预措施: Moderate intensity eccentric cycling training (Other)
Concentric interval
Participants in this arm had to follow a high intensity interval training using a concentric ergocycle
干预措施: High intensity concentric cycling training (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Weight
时间窗: At the begining and the end of the study (week 1 and 14)
Study participants were weighed during their first session of participation. This measurement was taken on a Tanita balance and is expressed in kilograms (kg).
Height
时间窗: At the begining and the end of the study (week 1 and 14)
Participants were measured during their first session of participation in the study. This measurement was taken using a wall-mounted height gauge and is expressed in meters (m).
Body mass index
时间窗: At the begining and the end of the study (week 1 and 14)
The body mass index (BMI) of the participants was calculated based on their previously measured weight and height. The following formula was used: weight (kg)/height (m)², and BMI is expressed in kg/m\^2
Maximal Isometric Force
时间窗: At enrollment and at the end of treatment at 14 weeks
Maximal isometric knee extensors strength of the dominant leg was assessed using a MicroFET2 handheld dynamometer (Hoggan Scientific, USA) secured to an immovable frame. Participants were seated with hips at 85° and knees at 90° flexion. After a warm-up involving five minutes of low-intensity cycling and three submaximal isometric contractions (50-90% effort), participants completed five maximal voluntary contractions, each lasting five seconds with 30 seconds of rest between efforts. The highest recorded value was retained for analysis and expressed in newton-meters (Nm).
Maximal Aerobic Power
时间窗: At the begining and the end of study (week 1 and 14)
At the first and final visits, participants underwent a concentric incremental cycling test to determine their maximal aerobic power (expressed in watt (W)). The test began with a standardized 2-minute warm-up at 30 W and a cadence of 60 revolutions per minute (rpm). The workload was then increased every minute by 15 W for women and 20 W for men until volitional exhaustion. The higher value was recorded as their MAP. Participants were instructed to maintain a cadence above 60 rpm and were verbally encouraged throughout the test.
Peak oxygen consumption
时间窗: At the begining and the end of the study (week 1 and 14)
At the first and final visits, participants underwent a concentric incremental cycling test to determine VO₂ peak (expressed in mililiters per minute per kilogram (mL/min/kg)). The test began with a standardized 2-minute warm-up at 30 watts (W) and a cadence of 60 revolutions per minute (rpm). The workload was then increased every minute by 15 W for women and 20 W for men until volitional exhaustion. The higher value of VO₂ was recorded as their VO₂ peak. Participants were instructed to maintain a cadence above 60 rpm and were verbally encouraged throughout the test.
Body fat index
时间窗: At the begining and the end of the study (week 1 and 14)
The body fat percentage of each participant was measured using Tanita scales and expressed as a percentage (%).
次要结局
- Handgrip strength(At week 1 and week 14)
- Ten times sit to stand test(Week 1 and 14)
- Timed up and go(Week 1 and 14)
- Balance error scoring system(Week 1 and 14)
- Six-minute walking test(Week 1 and 14)
研究者
Vandenbroeck Benoit
Principal Investigator
University of Liege