The Effect of Hot Bag/Warm Application on Feet After Cesarean Delivery on Postpartum Comfort, Pain and Flatus

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Cesarean Section Complications; Pain; Postpartum Anxiety
• Interventions: Other: Warm Application to Feet

• Registration Number: NCT05312515
• Lead Sponsor: Selcuk University

Brief Summary

The postpartum period is a process in which both physical (bleeding, infection, anemia) and emotional (delay in breastfeeding and mother-baby relationship) problems occur in women. Among the conditions that physically affect the woman who has had a cesarean section, a decrease in bowel movements is often seen and this decrease can last for 24 hours or longer. Initiation of bowel movements after surgery, time of first flatulence and defecation are important factors that determine postoperative patient comfort.

Detailed Description

Pain after cesarean section is usually associated with incision site and uterine contractions. There are various medical treatment and midwifery applications for the resolution of pain and gas output after cesarean section. Recently, it has been stated that in addition to the treatments applied after surgery, non-drug methods should be used to increase the effectiveness of recovery. These methods include applications such as hot application, abdominal massage, music therapy, chewing gum. The effect of hot application in patients with post-operative gas problems is the acupuncture points of the foot, warm and moist heat stimulation and the small intestine, colon, anus and other reflective areas. activates blood circulation. It is predicted that postpartum comfort will increase in the postpartum postpartum, whose pain decreases with postpartum heat application and intestinal mobility returns to normal. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of applying heat to the feet after cesarean section on postpartum comfort, pain and gas output.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2021-04-01
• Primary Completion: 2022-03-01
• Study First Submitted: 2022-03-23
• Study First Submitted QC: 2022-04-02
• Study First Posted: 2022-04-05
• Study Completion: 2022-12-30
• Status Verified: 2023-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-05-24
• Last Update Posted: 2023-05-25

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 108

Inclusion Criteria

• over 18 years old
• Can read and understand Turkish
• No history of any medical illness
• Singular pregnancy
• No complications during or after surgery
• Those who have not had any problems during pregnancy
• giving birth to a live baby
• No diagnosed psychological disorder
• Women who do not pass gas before applying heat

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Exclusion Criteria

• From gas before hot application
• Hearing loss
• The baby is in intensive care
• Women with vascular diseases
• Women who were taken to the intensive care unit after surgery due to any complications

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Warm Application to Feet and Follow-up After Cesarean Section	Warm Application to Feet	Warm application will be applied to the feet of women who come to the surgical service after cesarean delivery, 3 hours after they are admitted to the service. For hot application, a hot water bag will be used, the temperature of the water to be placed in the hot water bag is max. It will be set by the researcher to be 44°C. Since the temperature of the water (max. 44°C) does not create a risk of burns, no additional precautions were required. A stopwatch clock will be used to track the duration of the application. After the application will be done for 30 minutes, a hot water bag will be taken. Hot application will be done once. During the application, the researcher will be with the women, will check whether any complications have developed, and if complications or discomfort develop, the application will be terminated.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Introductory Information Form	at the beginning of the study	It was prepared by the researcher to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and current health status of women. The group of women will be marked as Intervention or Control.
Post Cesarean Section Follow-up Form-First follow up	application after 30 minute	In this form, the time the patient was taken into surgery; length of stay in the recovery unit; time of service; the type of anesthesia administered; It was created by the researcher in order to obtain information about the hot water bag application time and the first gas removal time.
Post Cesarean Section Follow-up Form-Second follow up	application after 60 minute	In this form, the time the patient was taken into surgery; length of stay in the recovery unit; time of service; the type of anesthesia administered; It was created by the researcher in order to obtain information about the hot water bag application time and the first gas removal time.
Post Cesarean Section Follow-up Form-Third follow up	application after 120 minute	In this form, the time the patient was taken into surgery; length of stay in the recovery unit; time of service; the type of anesthesia administered; It was created by the researcher in order to obtain information about the hot water bag application time and the first gas removal time.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Postpartum Comfort Scale -Second follow up	application after 60 minute	Postpartum Comfort Scale: It is a scale that can be used to measure the postpartum comfort of mothers who delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. The PCS consists of a 5-point Likert-type scale scoring system and 34 items.I totally agree with positive sentences shows the best comfort (5 points), and negative sentences show low comfort (1 point). Accordingly, the lowest score to be taken from the scale is 34, and the highest score is 170. The average value is determined by dividing the total score obtained from the scale by the number of items, and the result is shown in the 1-5 distribution.High scores on the scale indicate increased comfort.
Visual Pain Scale (VAS)-First follow up	application after 30 minute	It is a measurement usually used to evaluate pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). In this assessment scale, the patient is asked to express the level of pain he/she feels at that moment with numbers. The number expressed by the patient is accepted as the intensity of pain felt at that moment.
Visual Pain Scale (VAS)-Second follow up	application after 60 minute	It is a measurement usually used to evaluate pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). In this assessment scale, the patient is asked to express the level of pain he/she feels at that moment with numbers. The number expressed by the patient is accepted as the intensity of pain felt at that moment.
Visual Pain Scale (VAS)-Third follow up	application after 120 minute	It is a measurement usually used to evaluate pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). In this assessment scale, the patient is asked to express the level of pain he/she feels at that moment with numbers. The number expressed by the patient is accepted as the intensity of pain felt at that moment.
Postpartum Comfort Scale-First follow up	application after 30 minute	Postpartum Comfort Scale: It is a scale that can be used to measure the postpartum comfort of mothers who delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. The PCS consists of a 5-point Likert-type scale scoring system and 34 items. I totally agree with positive sentences shows the best comfort (5 points), and negative sentences show low comfort (1 point). Accordingly, the lowest score to be taken from the scale is 34, and the highest score is 170. The average value is determined by dividing the total score obtained from the scale by the number of items, and the result is shown in the 1-5 distribution.High scores on the scale indicate increased comfort.
Postpartum Comfort Scale -Third follow up	application after 120 minute	Postpartum Comfort Scale: It is a scale that can be used to measure the postpartum comfort of mothers who delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. The PCS consists of a 5-point Likert-type scale scoring system and 34 items. I totally agree with positive sentences shows the best comfort (5 points), and negative sentences show low comfort (1 point). Accordingly, the lowest score to be taken from the scale is 34, and the highest score is 170. The average value is determined by dividing the total score obtained from the scale by the number of items, and the result is shown in the 1-5 distribution. High scores on the scale indicate increased comfort.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Dr. Ali Kemal Belviranlı Gynecology and Pediatrics Hospital; 🇹🇷 Konya, Turkey