Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction for Intellectually Able Autistic Adults
- Conditions
- Participation Rate, PatientQuality of LifeMental IllnessAcceptance ProcessesTreatment SatisfactionStress, Psychological
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Treatment as usual (TAU)Behavioral: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
- Registration Number
- NCT05244265
- Lead Sponsor
- Karolinska Institutet
- Brief Summary
This project evaluates mindfulness based stress-reduction (MBSR), adjusted and manualized for intellectually able autistic adults. MBSR is a skills training program based on further development of cognitive behavioral therapy. The program includes eight weekly group training sessions and one full-day retreat, aiming at stress reduction and improved coping in everyday life, as well as improved mental health.
The aspiration is to make ASD-adjusted MBSR an intervention that is acceptable and accessible to individuals with autism in open clinical care. This includes considering variability in background factors such as age, comorbidity and other personal qualities and preferences.
The aim of the studies is to evaluate (1) the feasibility and (2) effectiveness of MBSR in adults (18 or over) with autism without intellectual disability, in an outpatient clinical habilitation context.
- Detailed Description
Mindfulness based stress-reduction (MBSR) is a well-known skills training program used worldwide (Kabat-Zinn, 1982), with studies showing positive effects in many different conditions. The MBSR program aims at increased conscious awareness and reduced subjective stress. The intervention includes one physical meeting per week (three hours) over eight weeks' time plus one mindfulness retreat day (six hours). The intervention also incorporates meditations and other suggested tasks for participants to do by themselves in-between the group sessions. The delivery of this particular version of MBSR is adjusted to meet the needs of autistic adults, without the contents of the original MBSR program curriculum being affected. Areas that were adjusted are e.g. group size, physical environment, communication, structure, and homework.
To ensure high treatment fidelity; the MBSR teachers had teacher training following the international standard, as well as being experienced clinicians working at the habilitation services centers, with extensive knowledge about the target group. All MBSR teachers received supervision and tutoring from highly experienced certified MBSR instructor, in order to ensure that the original MBSR program was followed as closely as possible.
The studies were conducted in a clinical outpatient habilitation health care context and thus constitute an important piece in the development of support for adults with ASD. The program will have an effect on facilitating the planning and implementation of feasible and accessible interventions addressing the complex needs of this target group.
This research project consists of two studies; one open feasibility trial and one randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- TERMINATED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 140
- Diagnose within the autism spectrum according to ICD-10, DSM-IV or DSM-5.
- Minimum ≥18 years of age.
- Adequate knowledge of the Swedish language.
- Intellectual disability (IQ≤70).
- Severe mental illnesses that would hinder participation (e.g. psychosis or acute risk for suicidal behaviors).
- Drug use in the last three months.
- Poor mental health as assessed with Montgomary Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in combination with semi-structured interview by a clinical psychologist.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Treatment as usual (TAU) Treatment as usual (TAU) Participants take part in their treatment as usual in outpatient habilitation and other services. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) The 9 session MBSR program following the manual (Kabat-Zinn, 1982).
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Study 1 (feasibility study): Treatment completion. Immediately after intervention. Participants attending six or more out of the total nine occasions (eight sessions and one retreat) (≥66%) were considered completers.
Study 2 (RCT): Perceived stress as measured by the Perceived stress scale (Cohen et al., 1983). Change from baseline to immediately after the intervention. 14 statements scored on a five-point Likert-scale (0-4) where higher points indicate higher perceived stress.
Study 1 (feasibility study): Credibility as measured by the Treatment Credibility Scale (TCS: Borkovec & Nau, 1972). Baseline compared to immediately after intervention. Five statements scored on a ten-point Likert scale where higher points indicate higher treatment credibility.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Study 2 (RCT): Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire Change from baseline to immediately after the intervention. 29 statements scored on a five-point (1-5) Likert-scale (Baer et. al., 2006). Higher points indicate higher mindful awareness.
Study 2 (RCT): Symptoms of anxiety and depression as measured by Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS: the Swedish Lisspers et al., 1997; Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Change from baseline to immediately after the intervention. 14 statements scored on a four-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "very often", where higher points indicate more anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition, sub-scales anxiety and depression were analyzed separately.
Study 1 (feasibility study): Perceived stress as measured by the Perceived stress scale (Cohen et al., 1983). Baseline compared to immediately after intervention. 14 statements scored on a five-point Likert-scale (0-4) where higher points indicate higher perceived stress.
Study 2 (RCT): Life satisfaction as measured by Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS: Diener et al., 1985). Change from baseline to immediately after the intervention. Five statements scored on a seven-point (1-7) Likert-scale, where higher points indicate more satisfaction with life.
Study 2 (RCT): Acceptance of the autism diagnosis, assessed by a modified version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ: Bond et al., 2011) for ASD. Change from baseline to immediately after the intervention. Seven statements scored on a seven-point (1-7) Likert-scale, where higher points indicate less acceptance of the ASD diagnosis.
Study 1 (feasibility study): Satisfaction with life as measured by Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS: Diener et al., 1985). Baseline compared to immediately after intervention. Five statements scored on a seven-point Likert-scale (1-7) where higher points indicate more satisfaction with life.
Study 1 (feasibility study): Symptoms of anxiety and depression as measured by Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS: the Swedish Lisspers et al., 1997; Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Baseline compared to immediately after intervention. 14 statements scored on a four-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "very often", where higher points indicate more anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition, sub-scales anxiety and depression were analyzed separately.
Study 1 (feasibility study): Mindfulness, assessed by Mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS: Brown & Ryan, 2003). Baseline compared to immediately after intervention. 15 statements and scored on a six-point Likert-scale (1-6), where higher scores indicate elevated mindful awareness.
Study 1 (feasibility study): Acceptance of the Autism diagnosis, assessed by a modified version of the Acceptance and action questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011) for ASD. Baseline compared to immediately after intervention. Seven statements and scored on a seven-point Likert-scale , where higher points indicate less acceptance of the ASD diagnosis.