Comparative Study on the Effect of Sitagliptin, Pioglitazone and Dapagliflozine on Myocardial Infarction Induced Experimentally in Diabetic Rats

The American Diabetes Association defined diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.

Myocardial ischemia represents a condition of sufferance for cardiomyocytes due to coronary blood flow reduction as compared to their metabolic needs, and it may exhibit through several clinical conditions.

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure and death, as compared with the general population. Studies show that the excess risks associated with diabetes mellitus are mediated primarily by hyperglycemia and overall poor risk factor control. Effective treatment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors has reduced the excess risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease , such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In the last two decades, several studies have demonstrated reductions in the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with improved glucose and cholesterol-lowering therapies. Nevertheless, macrovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and new diabetes therapies are highly desired, especially if they can offer cardiovascular benefits.

Sitagliptin is a potent and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 competitive inhibitor that does not affect the closely related enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase-8 or dipeptidyl peptidase-9 at therapeutic concentrations.