The Effects of Gum Chewing on Standardized Math Scores in Adolescents
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 108
- 主要终点
- Math Grades
研究概览
简要总结
Context: Gum chewing has been shown to increase cognitive functioning. With the rise in standardized testing of school-age children and the concurrent attempts to improve their scores, finding simple and inexpensive methods to bolster performance is needed.
Objective: To examine the effects of gum chewing on standardized test scores and class grades in a group of 8th grade math students.
Design: Math classes were randomized to a gum chewing (GC) condition that provided students with gum during class and testing, or a control condition with no gum (NG) provided during class and testing. This study was conducted during the Spring 2008 school semester.
Setting: A charter school in Houston, TX.
Participants: All students enrolled in eighth grade math at the charter school were approached for recruitment in this study. A total of 108 (94%) students participated. Participants were between the ages of 13 and 16.
Main Outcome Measures: The Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ-III), and math class grades were used to assess any differences in academic performance between the GC and NGC conditions. For purposes of this study, only the math sections of the WJ-III and TAKS, which are both standardized tests, were assessed.
Our primary hypothesis was that adolescents in a gum chewing (GC) condition would have significantly improved standardized test scores and math grades compared to adolescents in a non-gum chewing (NG) control condition.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 13 Years 至 16 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Enrollment in eight grade math class
排除标准
- •Parents did not consent to participation
结局指标
主要结局
Math Grades
时间窗: 14 week (end of the semester)
Math Scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS)
时间窗: the beginning of a school semester
The TAKS test is a statewide standardized test administered to all Texas schoolchildren (15). The TAKS assesses reading, math, science, and social studies for 8th grade students; however, the current study analyzed only math scores.
Math Scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS).
时间窗: 14 weeks (end of the semester)
The TAKS test is a statewide standardized test administered to all Texas schoolchildren (15). The TAKS assesses reading, math, science, and social studies for 8th grade students; however, the current study analyzed only math scores.
次要结局
- Math Scores on the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ-III)(the beginning of a school semester and 14 weeks later (the end of a school semester))
- Scores on the Math Anxiety Rating Scale for Adolescents (MARS-A)(the beginning of a school semester and 14 weeks later (the end of a school semester))
- State Anxiety Scores on the State Trait Anxiety Index for Children (STAIC).(the beginning of a school semester and 14 weeks later (the end of a school semester))