Sylvatic Transmission of Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya Viruses in Thailand and Cambodia

Completed

Brief Summary: Background:

Zika, dengue, and chikungunya are spread by mosquitos. These diseases have a major impact on public health. This is especially true in in Southeast Asia. Non-human primates (such as macaques) could play an essential role in spreading these diseases. Researchers want to further understand the relationship between humans and these primates. They want to see how this affects how mosquito-borne viruses are spread in Southeast Asia.

Objective:

To describe the prevalence of Zika virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus in the blood of people who live close to long-tailed macaques in Thailand and Cambodia.

Eligibility:

Healthy people aged 18-55 who have lived or worked within approximately 10 kilometers of the Wat Amphae Phnom monkey habitat in Kampong Speu, Cambodia, for a minimum of 2 years

Design:

Participation will last 1 day.

Participants will be screened in person through an interview. Their medical history will be reviewed.

Participants will give information about themselves. This will include sex, age, and behaviors related to the spread of mosquito-borne disease. For example, they will be asked about the number of water containers at their home. They will be asked about recent travel. They will be asked about the extent of their contact with the macaques.

Participants will give a blood sample....

Detailed Description: Arboviral epidemics continue to emerge suddenly and spread of disease is unpredictable. The 2015-16 Zika epidemic resulted in a high case number in Thailand, but not in neighboring Cambodia. It is known that nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important reservoirs of arboviruses, but the importance of their epidemiological role in the transmission of arboviruses is not clearly understood. While transmission dynamics are complex and require consideration of many variables, primate reservoirs are not routinely sampled, particularly in Southeast Asia, because of the level of operational complexity and skill required.

Here, we propose a serological survey for evidence of Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) exposure in long-tailed macaques and human adults who live or work in close proximity to these monkeys in Thailand and Cambodia. We hypothesize that ZIKV seroprevalence in both humans and macaques will be higher in Thailand than Cambodia. With the current rise of arboviral diseases around the world, we hope the results of this study contribute to better understanding of the epidemiology and burden of arboviral diseases in this region.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Assessment of DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV Seroprevalence Via Screening PRNT50 Titers in Cambodian Adults.	300 at day 0	Proportion of Participants with DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV Seroprevalence Via Screening PRNT50. Outcome will be analyzed unadjusted and adjusted for age, location, vector exposure, and sylvatic reservoir exposure.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Comparative Assessment of Seroprevalence Via PRNT50 Titers for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV in Cambodian Adults to That of Thai Adults.	Day 0	Understanding how the prevalence of these Aedes transmitted viruses differs across the Mekong region is critical for cross-border disease detection and management, particularly given the high level of human migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Assessment of Reactivity to Salivary Gland Homogenate of Aedes Aegypti as Detected by ELISA or Western Blot in Human Sera.	Day 0	Characterizing vector salivary protein reactivity profiles (mosquitos, ticks, fleas) in Cambodians with vector- borne disease is the first step to better understanding transmission patterns, responsible vectors, and Cambodians' risk of exposure to these vectors.