The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation and Loving-kindness and Compassion Meditation on Psychological Distress: The Perspective of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- MM Group
- Sponsor
- Beijing Normal University
- Enrollment
- 152
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 2 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of of mindfulness meditation and loving-kindness and compassion meditation on psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress), and explore the mechanism from the perspective of reinforcement sensitivity theory.
Detailed Description
Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness meditation group (MM, n = 51), loving-kindness and compassion meditation group (LKCM, n = 51), and waitlist group (n = 50). Participants in MM group and LKCM group received four weeks intervention, and data was collected before the intervention and after the intervention.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •(1) have not attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have not diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) not currently receiving or has never received psychological counseling; (4) not currently taking or has never taken psychotropic medication; (5) age is less than 18.
Exclusion Criteria
- •(1) have attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) receiving or have received psychological counseling; (4) taking or have taken psychotropic drugs; (5) age is more than 18.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
Time Frame: 2 months
The scalewas used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress with 21 items. Participants are required to report the degree of conformity scoring from 1 (did not apply to me at all) to 4 (applied to me very much).
The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale
Time Frame: 2 months
The scale was used to measure the degree of mindfulness, with 10 items and two dimensions, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire
Time Frame: 2 months
The scale included 34 items to test the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward. and participants were asked to respond yes (scoring 1) or no (scoring 0). Summing the scores of the questions was the total score for that dimension.
Secondary Outcomes
- The Emotional Word Lists(2 months)