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A Comparison of Two Treatment Strategies in Older Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Registration Number
NCT02072096
Lead Sponsor
Eli Lilly and Company
Brief Summary

The main purpose of this study is to compare the benefits and risks associated with the use of 2 treatment strategies to lower blood sugar in participants aged 65 and older with T2DM. One strategy is based on the use of oral and injectable medications that only reduce blood sugar (glucose) when it is high. The other strategy is based on non-glucose dependent agents. The trial will last up to 72 weeks for each participant.

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
TERMINATED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
192
Inclusion Criteria
  • Have T2DM based on a history and clinical impression that is consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Diabetes

  • Have a Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 4 or above or Total Illness Burden Index (TIBI) score of 5 or above as assessed at screening

  • Have an A1c >7.3% and <10.9% at study entry and are not achieving desired glycemic control as evidenced by A1c measurement at least 0.4% higher than individualized treatment target set at screening.

  • Have been treated for at least 3 months prior to the study entry with any of the following treatment options:

    • Diet/exercise only (only if they have known contraindications to metformin treatment)

    • Any dose of sulfonylurea

    • Effective or maximally-tolerated doses of metformin, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, thiazolidinedione, or acarbose used in monotherapy or in dual combination. The following doses are considered to be effective:

      • at least 1500 mg of metformin per day
      • At least 30 mg of pioglitazone per day
      • At least 4 mg of rosiglitazone per day
      • At least 75 mg of acarbose per day
      • Any marketed dose of DPP-4 inhibitor
Exclusion Criteria
  • Are currently enrolled in a clinical trial involving an investigational product or nonapproved use of a drug or device (other than the investigational product used in this study), or concurrently enrolled in any other type of medical research judged not to be scientifically or medically compatible with this study
  • Have participated, within the last 60 days in a clinical trial involving an investigational product other than the investigational product used in this study. If the previous investigational product has a long half-life, 3 months or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) should have passed
  • Have previously completed or withdrawn from this study. This exclusion criterion does not apply to participants who are rescreened prior to randomization
  • At study entry, have contraindications to sulfonylurea, insulin, or GLP-1 RA
  • Have a history of pancreatitis, a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, or have Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2
  • Have taken any injectable glucose-lowering agent, miglitol, meglitinide, Sodium/Glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, or other antihyperglycemia treatment that is not listed in the fourth inclusion criterion for more than 10 days within 3 months prior to the study entry
  • In the opinion of investigator should have an individualized A1c target set at 8% or higher
  • Have a body mass index (BMI) greater than 45 kg/m^2
  • Have had more than 1 episode of severe hypoglycemia within 24 weeks prior to the study
  • Have cardiac disease with functional status that is Class III or IV according to the New York Heart Association Cardiac Disease Classification
  • Have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 milliliter/minute/1.73 m^2 (mL/min/1.73 m^2) or advanced renal disease including history of renal transplantation or currently receiving renal dialysis
  • Have obvious clinical signs or symptoms or laboratory evidence of liver disease (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] > 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range)
  • Receive current therapy for a malignancy, other than basal-cell or squamous-cell skin cancer
  • Received systemic glucocorticoids within the 3 months prior to entry for more than 14 consecutive days
  • Have any other condition that precludes the participant from following and completing the study

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)Exenatide once weekly (QW)Participants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)Exenatide twice daily (BID)Participants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)MetforminParticipants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)PioglitazoneParticipants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)SitagliptinParticipants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)AcarboseParticipants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)LiraglutideParticipants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy A (Glucose-Dependent)LinagliptinParticipants may receive oral and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists \[GLP-1 RA\]) therapies that exert a glucose-dependent mode of action. Medications allowed in this arm include: metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide once weekly (QW), and exenatide twice daily (BID). Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)GlimepirideParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)LinagliptinParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)MetforminParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)PioglitazoneParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)SitagliptinParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)AcarboseParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Strategy B (Reference)Insulin GlargineParticipants will receive glimepiride and may receive basal insulin glargine as a first line injectable therapy. Medications allowed in this arm include: glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, linagliptin, sitagliptin and basal insulin glargine. Choice of therapy is based on investigator's discretion. Treatment used in label. Insulin glargine is titrated according treatment algorithm. Treatment may last up to 72 weeks.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percentage of Participants Achieving and Maintaining Individualized Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Targets Without Clinically Significant HypoglycemiaBaseline to last participant visit (up to 72 weeks)

Failed to reach and maintain HbA1c target, without clinically significant hypoglycemia, is defined as having 2 consecutive HbA1c \> upper limit of HbA1c target over 12 weeks starting from Week 24 for participants with HbA1c data beyond Week 24, or Week 24 HbA1c \> upper limit of HbA1c target for participants without HbA1c data beyond Week 24. Clinically significant hypoglycemia is defined as any severe hypoglycemia or repeated hypoglycemia interrupting participants activities or sleep and associated with blood glucose ≤3.9 millimole per liter (mmol/L), or repeated asymptomatic hypoglycemia associated with blood glucose \<3.0 mmol/L. Success is defined as lacking of failure.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percentage of Participants Requiring Alternative Treatment Due to Glycemic Failure of First Line Injectable TherapyBaseline to last participant visit (up to 72 weeks)
Number of Participants With Total Hypoglycemia and Other Categories of HypoglycemiaBaseline to last participant visit (up to 72 weeks)
Change From Baseline of Urinary Albumin to Creatinine RatioBaseline, Week 72

The Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio is used in addition to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) to measure the incidence and progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)Baseline, Week 72
Change From Baseline of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)Baseline, Week 72

The eGFR is used in addition to the Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio to measure the incidence and progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Trial Locations

Locations (19)

Rocky Mountain Diabetes and Osteoporosis Center

🇺🇸

Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States

Southern New Hampshire Diabetes and Endocrinology

🇺🇸

Nashua, New Hampshire, United States

Carolina Health Specialists

🇺🇸

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States

Suncoast Research Group, LLC

🇺🇸

Miami, Florida, United States

New Horizon Research Center

🇺🇸

Miami, Florida, United States

Suncoast Clinical Research

🇺🇸

New Port Richey, Florida, United States

Florida Hospital

🇺🇸

Orlando, Florida, United States

Athens Primary Care

🇺🇸

Athens, Georgia, United States

Herman Clinical Research, LLC

🇺🇸

Suwanee, Georgia, United States

Iderc, P.L.C.

🇺🇸

Des Moines, Iowa, United States

Mercy Health Research

🇺🇸

Saint Louis, Missouri, United States

Heritage Valley Medical Group, Inc.

🇺🇸

Beaver, Pennsylvania, United States

Family Medical Associates

🇺🇸

Levittown, Pennsylvania, United States

For additional information regarding investigative sites for this trial, contact 1-877-CTLILLY (1-877-285-4559, 1-317-615-4559) Mon - Fri from 9 AM to 5 PM Eastern Time (UTC/GMT - 5 hours, EST), or speak with your personal physician.

🇬🇧

Manchester, United Kingdom

Manati Medical Center

🇵🇷

Manati, Puerto Rico

Dallas Diabetes Endocrine Center

🇺🇸

Dallas, Texas, United States

Rockwood Clinic Research Center

🇺🇸

Spokane, Washington, United States

American Telemedicine Center

🇵🇷

San Juan, Puerto Rico

Cotton O'Neil Clinic

🇺🇸

Topeka, Kansas, United States

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