A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Atezolizumab or Placebo in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Followed by Adjuvant Continuation of Atezolizumab or Placebo
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Intervention
- Placebo
- Conditions
- Triple Negative Breast Cancer
- Sponsor
- NSABP Foundation Inc
- Enrollment
- 1550
- Locations
- 209
- Primary Endpoint
- Event-free survival (EFS)
- Status
- Active, Not Recruiting
- Last Updated
- 2 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The main purpose of this study is to learn if the usual chemotherapy given before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) for breast cancer plus the experimental drug, atezolizumab, is better than the usual chemotherapy plus a placebo. (A placebo is a drug that looks like the study drug but contains no medication.) The usual chemotherapy in this study is paclitaxel (WP) and carboplatin followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC). Usually, after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery for triple negative breast cancer, no additional treatment is given unless the cancer returns. This study will also look at continuing treatment after surgery with atezolizumab or the placebo. To be better, atezolizumab given with the neoadjuvant therapy should be better at: 1) decreasing the amount of tumor in the breast than the placebo given with the usual chemotherapy and 2) decreasing the chance of the cancer from returning after surgery.
Another purpose of this study is to test the good and bad effects of atezolizumab when added to the usual chemotherapy. Atezolizumab may keep your cancer from growing but it can also cause side effects.
Detailed Description
NSABP B-59/GBG 96-GeparDouze is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, Phase III clinical trial. This is a collaborative study being conducted by NSABP Foundation, Inc. in partnership with the German Breast Group (GBG), and supported by funding by Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd. In this clinical trial of neoadjuvant and adjuvant administration of atezolizumab/placebo in patients with high risk triple-negative breast cancer, the potential incremental efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant administration of atezolizumab/placebo with a sequential regimen of weekly paclitaxel with every-3-week carboplatin followed immediately by neoadjuvant administration of atezolizumab/placebo with AC/EC will be evaluated. Patients will then undergo surgery. Following recovery from surgery, patients will initiate approximately 6 months of adjuvant therapy with atezolizumab/placebo and receive the same investigational agent they received pre-operatively. Administration of radiation therapy will be based on local standards at the discretion of patients and investigators, but if administered, atezolizumab/placebo will be administered concurrently. Adjuvant atezolizumab/placebo may be delayed until after completion of radiation therapy per investigator discretion. Patients with residual invasive cancer at the time of surgery may receive capecitabine concurrently with atezolizumab/placebo in the adjuvant setting per investigator discretion and local guidelines. Patients with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations with residual invasive cancer at the time of surgery may receive olaparib in the adjuvant setting per investigator discretion and local guidelines. Patients receiving olaparib must discontinue atezolizumab/placebo. The primary aims of the study are 1) to determine value of atezolizumab in improving pathologic complete response in the breast and post-therapy lymph nodes evaluated histologically (pCR breast and nodes \[(ypT0/Tis ypN0)\]), and 2) to determine the value of atezolizumab in improving event-free survival (EFS). Secondary aims include: pathologic complete response in the breast (ypT0/Tis); pathologic complete response in the breast and lymph nodes (ypT0 ypN0); positive nodal status conversion rate; overall survival; recurrence-free interval: distant disease-free survival; brain metastases free survival; and toxicity. The stratification factors for the study are: 1) clinical size of the primary tumor (1.1-3.0 cm; \> 3.0 cm); 2) nodal status as determined by protocol-specified criteria (negative, positive); 3) AC/EC (every 2 weeks; every 3 weeks); and 4) Region (North America; Europe). For patient eligibility, local testing on the diagnostic core must have determined the patient's tumor to be ER-negative, PgR-negative, and HER2-negative by current ASCO/CAP guidelines. Material from either the diagnostic core biopsy or the research biopsy must be sent for central testing for confirmation of ER, PgR, and HER2 to confirm eligibility. If local testing has determined a tumor to be HER2 equivocal or to have a borderline ER/PgR status (% IHC staining \< 10% for both), material may be submitted for central testing to determine eligibility. In order to proactively identify and further assess any cardiac toxicity that may occur with the combination of anthracyclines and atezolizumab, this study includes a cardiac safety lead-in for the first 60 patients who initiate AC/EC. The safety lead-in will consist of assessment of ECG and serum troponin-T obtained just prior to administration of the first dose of AC/EC, following completion of the administration of the 1st and 3rd cycle of AC/EC prior to initiation of the atezolizumab/placebo. An additional assessment of LVEF with echocardiogram or MUGA scan will also be obtained prior to the 3rd dose of AC/EC. In order to provide an early assessment of cardiac safety, results of the troponin-T assessments, ECGs, LVEF assessment, and cardiac safety data will be evaluated by the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) when the last of the initial 20 patients who initiate AC/EC undergo their scheduled post-surgery LVEF assessment. When the last of the first 60 patients to initiate AC/EC undergo their scheduled post-surgery LVEF assessment, results of the troponin assessments, ECGs, LVEF assessments, and cardiac safety data from all 60 patients will be evaluated by the DSMB. Research core biopsies of breast primary at baseline and 1-4 days prior to the second dose of atezolizumab/placebo are a study requirement for all patients. One to three representative blocks of residual primary tumor containing the maximum amount of tumor and node with the largest focus of metastasis is required from the definitive breast surgery if gross residual disease is greater than or equal to 1.0 cm. If gross residual disease is less than 1.0 cm, tissue should be submitted, if possible. Blood specimens will be collected on all patients at baseline for exploratory biomarker analysis and to support future correlative studies. Accrual to NSABP B-59/GBG 96-GeparDouze began in December 2017 and was completed in May 2021 with a total of 1550 patients randomized. Based on actual accrual and the decision to eliminate pCR as a co-primary endpoint, we recalculated the power to detect a hazard ratio of 0.70 attributed to the addition of atezolizumab, assuming a lost-to-follow-up rate of 0.00083 per month, using the actual accrual pattern for the power calculation. With 1550 patients accrued in 42 months, an additional 22 months follow up will allow us to obtain 252 events under the assumptions stated above, which will provide 80% power to detect a HR of 0.7 between the atezolizumab and the placebo arm at an overall 2-sided alpha level of 0.05.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •The patient must have consented to participate and, prior to beginning specific study procedures, must have signed and dated an appropriate IRB-approved consent form that conforms to federal and institutional guidelines for study treatment and for submission of tumor samples from a research biospy as required by NSABP B-59/GBG 96-GeparDouze for baseline correlative science studies.
- •The diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast must have been made by core needle biopsy.
- •Local testing on the diagnostic core must have determined the tumor to be ER-negative, PgR-negative, and HER2-negative by current ASCO/CAP guidelines. (If local testing has determined a tumor to be HER2 equivocal or to have a borderline ER/PgR status (% IHC staining \< 10% for both) and other eligibility criteria are met, material may be submitted for central testing to determine eligibility.)
- •Central testing for ER, PgR, and HER2 will be performed, and the tumor must be determined to be ER-negative, PgR-negative, and HER2-negative by current ASCO/CAP Guidelines Recommendations.
- •The tumor specimen used for central ER, PgR, and HER2 testing must also be used for central testing of PD-L1 status using the Ventana PD-L1 testing result including PD-L1 indeterminate Patients will be classifies as positive, negative, or indeterminate for stratification purposes.
- •Patients must be ≥ 18 years old.
- •Patient may be female or male.
- •The ECOG performance status must be 0-
- •The primary tumor can be clinical stage T2 or T3, if clinically node negative according to AJCC 7th Edition. If the regional lymph nodes are cN1 and cytologically or histologically positive or cN2-N3 with or without a biopsy, the primary breast tumor can be clinically T1c, T2, or T
- •Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes must be evaluated by imaging (mammogram, ultrasound, and/or MRI) within 84 days prior to study entry. If suspicious or abnormal, FNA or core biopsy is recommended. Findings of these evaluations will be used to define the nodal status prior to study entry according to the following criteria:
Exclusion Criteria
- •Excisional biopsy or lumpectomy performed prior to study entry.
- •FNA alone to diagnose the breast cancer.
- •Surgical axillary staging procedure prior to randomization. Exception: FNA or core biopsy of an axillary node is permitted for any patient. A pre-neoadjuvant therapy sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with clinically negative axillary nodes is prohibited.
- •Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease.
- •Previous history of contralateral invasive breast cancer. (Patients with synchronous and/or previous contralateral DCIS or LCIS are eligible.)
- •Previous history of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer or ipsilateral DCIS. (Patients with synchronous or previous ipsilateral LCIS are eligible.)
- •History of non-breast malignancies (except for in situ cancers treated only by local excision and basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin) within 5 years prior to study entry.
- •Treatment including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy, for the currently diagnosed breast cancer prior to randomization.
- •Previous therapy with anthracyclines or taxanes for any malignancy.
- •Cardiac disease (history of and/or active disease) that would preclude the use of the drugs included in the treatment regimens. This includes but is not confined to:
Arms & Interventions
Placebo
IV infusion once every 3 weeks for 4 doses (Cycle 1), once every 3 weeks for 4 doses (Cycle 2) and once every 3 weeks after surgery for 1 year after first dose
Intervention: Placebo
Atezolizumab
IV infusion, 1200mg, once every 3 weeks for 4 doses (Cycle 1), once every 3 weeks for 4 doses (Cycle 2) and once every 3 weeks after surgery for 1 year after first dose
Intervention: Atezolizumab
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Event-free survival (EFS)
Time Frame: From randomization until event, through study follow up to the time target number of events is obtained, up to 5 years
Time from randomization until event
Secondary Outcomes
- Pathologic complete response in the breast and lymph nodes (ypT0/Tis ypN0)(Following completion of neoadjuvant therapy (ypT0/Tis ypN0))
- Disease-free survival (DFS)(From the first breast surgical procedure to the first disease recurrence or death from any cause)
- Overall survival (OS)(From date of randomization through study follow-up, to the time the target number of events is obtained, up to 5 years)
- Frequency of Adverse Events(From beginning of study therapy to 90 days after last dose of study therapy)
- Distant disease-free survival (DDFS)(From date of randomization through study follow-up, to the time the target number of events is obtained, up to 5 years)
- Frequency of immune Adverse Events of Special Interest(From beginning of study therapy to 90 days after last dose of study therapy)
- Cardiac safety lead-in (Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEF)(Four to 6 weeks after surgery)
- Cardiac safety lead-in (Troponin-T)(After administration of the 3rd dose (Cycle 3; each cycle is 21 days) of AC/EC prior to administration of atezolizumab/placebo, approximately 1 hour after beginning the 3rd dose of AC/EC)