Efficacy of Biological Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

IBD are multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation (Fousekis et al .,2021). Main subtypes of pediatric IBD are Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD unclassified (Corica & Romano .., 2017) Mechanism of IBD involves uncontrolled immune mediated inflammatory response in genetically predisposed individuals to an unknown environmental trigger that interacts with gut microbiome and primarily affects gastrointestinal tract ( Iyer & Corr ..,2021) Pediatric onset IBD is more aggressive and rapidly progressive disease compared to adult onset IBD. Nearly a quarter of all patients with IBD develop this disease during childhood (Moon .., 2019), mean age at diagnosis ranged from 4.5 to 16 years in pediatric cases (Mosli et al ..,2021) Rates of pediatric onset IBD continue to rise around the world (Kuenzig et al ..,2022 ).

In2018, the highest annual incidences of pediatric IBD were 23/100000 person in Europe, 15.2/100000 in North America, and 11.4/100000 in Asia/ Middle East and Oceania (Sýkora et al .., 2018) Pediatric IBD management and therapeutic approach can be chall enging, especially in younger patients (Romeo et al .., 2020 )). Biologic agents have revolutionized the treatment paradigm of pediatric IBD (Kapoor & Crowley ..,2021) Biological drugs are monoclonal antibodies target specific cytokines involved in inflammatory cascade, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), integrins or interleukin 12/23, and have been approved for both pediatric CD and UC (Romeo et al 2020)